Unit 2: 15.3

Question 1

Bacteremia

Answer 1

Bacteria found in blood

Question 2

Viremia

Answer 2

Viruses found in blood

Question 3

Toxemia

Answer 3

Toxins found in blood

Question 4

Septicemia

Answer 4

Toxins and bacteria in blood

Question 5

Hyaluoronidase

Answer 5

Degrades hyaluronic acid that keeps cells together so it can spread
-ex: staphylococcus aureus

Question 6

DNAse

Answer 6

Degrades DNA released by dying cells that can trap bacteria and spread
-Staphylococcus aureus

Question 7

Phospholipase C

Answer 7

Degrades phospholipid bilayer

-Bacillus anthracis

Question 8

Collagenase

Answer 8

Degrades collagen

-Clostridium perfringens

Question 9

Endotoxin

Answer 9

• gram negative
• Lipid A
• general symptoms of inflammation and fever
• heat stable
• LD 50: high

Question 10

Exotoxin

Answer 10

• gram positive
• protein
• specific damage
• most are not heat stable some are
• LD 50: low

Question 11

A-B exotoxins

Answer 11

A for activity
B for binding
-B mediates initial attachment of the toxin to specific cell surface receptors

Question 12

Superantigens

Answer 12

Trigger excessive nonspecific stimulation of immune cells

Question 13

Antigenic variation

Answer 13

Pathogens alter their surface proteins so that they are not recognized by host cells

Question 14

Antigenic drift

Answer 14

Point mutations that cause changes in spike proteins H and N in flu

Question 15

Antigenic shift

Answer 15

Major change in flu spike proteins due to gene assortment