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Microbiology > Chapter 21 Pathogens/diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Pathogens/diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcal infections characteristics

A
  • gram positive
  • grape like clusters
  • grown on blood agar: white/cream
  • catalase positive
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2
Q

Streptococcal infections

A
  • gram positive
  • chains
  • facultative anaerobe
  • catalase negative
  • Lancefield groups
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3
Q

List staphylococcal infections

A
  • MRSA caused by S aureus
  • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)?caused by S aureus
  • Impetigo caused by S aureus or S pyogenes or both at same time
  • nosocomial s epidermidis infections (catheters etc)
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4
Q

List streptococcal infections

A
  • cellulitis
  • erysipelas
  • erythema nodosum
  • necrotizing fasciitis caused by S pyogenes
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5
Q

Pseudomonas infections characteristics

A
  • gram negative
  • oxidase positive
  • aerobic bacillus
  • found in water, soil, skin
  • smell like grape soda/fresh corn tortillas
  • produce blue green pus caused by pyocyanin and pyoverdin
  • cetrimide agar
  • B lactamase
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6
Q

List pseudomonas infections

A
  • hot tub rash (itchy red rash)

- otitis externa (ear infection)

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7
Q

Anthrax characteristics

A
  • gram positive
  • endospore forming
  • zoonotic
  • facultative anaerobe
  • Eschar (black mass of dead skin tissue)
  • blood agar rough texture
  • vaccine available
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8
Q

Anthrax disease

A
  • B. Anthracis: endospores enter abrasion in skin, makes eschar
  • initially causes flu like symptoms
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9
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • most commonly caused by H. Influenzae
  • symptoms: blurred vision, eye pain, light sensitivity
  • opthamalia neonatorum (in babies) caused by N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis
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10
Q

Trachoma

A

-granular conjunctivitis
-causes blindness
-caused by C. Trachomatis
-symptoms: necrotic follicles and upper lid scars that turn eyelashes inward
-

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11
Q

Papillomas (warts)

A
  • caused my human papilloma virus (HPV)
  • symptoms: warts on fingers, back of hands, nails
  • oral herpes
  • genital herpes
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12
Q

Roseola

A
  • caused by human herpes virus HHV-6 and HHV-7
  • spread by direct contact
  • symptoms: runny nose, sore throat, cough, high fever, rash
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13
Q

Fifth disease

A
  • caused by parovirus B19
  • facial rash then body rash becomes lacy as disappears
  • adults joint pain and swelling
  • can cause anemia
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14
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

A
  • caused by adenovirus
  • symptoms: inflammation of conjunctiva, watery nonpurulent discharge
  • herpes keratitis: caused by HSV-1
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15
Q

Tineas

A
  • caused by dermatophytes

- ringworm

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16
Q

Cutaneous Aspergillosis

A
  • mold
  • primary infection: skin
  • secondary: respiratory
17
Q

Loiasis (African eye worm)

A
  • Helminth infection
  • spread by deer flies
  • symptoms: visible migration of worms in conjunctiva, inflammation Calabar, eye pain and itching, joint/muscle pain
  • antibodies present: individual was exposed at some time
18
Q

MRSA

A
  1. Causative agent: S. Aureus
  2. Key virulence factor:
    3.Mode of transmission: skin to skin contact
  3. Reservoirs: nose
  4. Organ involvement: skin
  5. Signs and symptoms: pus formation, abscess, follicutis, furnues
  6. Lab ID: gram positive, grape like staph, coagulase positive, catalase positive, mannitol fermenter
    8 . Treatment: antibiotics doxycycline
  7. Prevention/ vaccine: no vaccine
19
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A
  1. Causative agent: S pyogenes
  2. Key virulence factor: adhesion and invasion, M protein, streptolysins, hyaluronidase, streptokinase
    3.Mode of transmission: skin infection, blunt trauma
  3. Reservoirs: skin/mucous membrane
  4. Organ involvement: skin
  5. Signs and symptoms: skin discoloration, pain, fever
  6. Lab ID: gram positive chain, catalase negative, facultative anaerobe
    8 . Treatment: surgical removal of infected skin, amputation, intravenous antibiotics
  7. Prevention/ vaccine: no vaccine
20
Q

Oral herpes

A
  1. Causative agent: herpes simplex virus HSV-1
  2. Key virulence factor: infected cell protein
    3.Mode of transmission: direct oral contact
  3. Reservoirs: human
  4. Organ involvement: skin
  5. Signs and symptoms: cold sores, blisters around lips
  6. Lab ID: PCR culture, blood test
    8 . Treatment: antiviral medication or topical medications for itching and burning
  7. Prevention/ vaccine: no vaccine
21
Q

Sporotrichosis

A
  1. Causative agent: Sporothrix schenkii
  2. Key virulence factor: temperature tolerance
    3.Mode of transmission: entry via thorn prick
  3. Reservoirs: soil
  4. Organ involvement: skin
  5. Signs and symptoms: subcutaneous ulcers
  6. Lab ID: blood test
    8 . Treatment: Itraconazole
  7. Prevention/ vaccine: none

Microbiology (31 decks)

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