Unit 1: 5.3 Fungi Flashcards
Why do we study fungi in microbiology?
- Some fungi are pathogenic
- are decomposers
- make certain foods like cheese
- major sources of antibiotics like from the fungus Penicillium
Mycoses
Illnesses caused by fungi
Fungi characteristics?
- hyphae
- mycelium
- thallus
- septae
- saprotrophic
- chitin walls
Hyphae
Filaments that can form mycelium
Mycelium
Tangled network of hyphae
Thallus
Body of fleshy fungi
Septae hyphae
Hyphae that have walls between cells
Coenocytic hyphae
Hyphae that lack walls and cell membrane between cells
Yeasts
-unicellular fungi
-reproduce by budding asexually (bud off a daughter cell)
-
Ergosterols
- found in fungal cell membranes only
- exploited for anti fungal drugs
How do fungi reproduce sexually?
- Germination (+) and (-) mating types
- Plasmogamy
- Karyogamy
- Meiosis and germination
Zygospores
Sexually produced spores found in Zygomycota
Ascospores
Sexually produced spores found in Ascomycota
Badiosphores
Sexually produced spores found in Basidomycota
How do fungi reproduce asexually?
- mitosis
- mitosis with budding
- fragmentation of hyphae
- asexual spores
Plasmogamy
-fusion between (+) and (-) mating types resulting in zygosporium with multiple haploid nuclei
Karyogamy
The nuclei fuse to form a zygote with multiple diploid nuclei
What are the 4 medically important fungal groups
- Ascomycota
- Zygomycota
- Basidiomycota
- Microsporidia
Zygomycota
Saphrophytes with coenocytic hyphae and haploid nuclei
- zygosphores
- important in food science and crop pathogens
Rhizopus stolonifer
- Zygomycota
- bread mold that causes tide seeding blight
Mucor
- Zygomycota
- genus of fungi that causes necrotizing infections in humans
Ascomycota
- Fungi that are uses as food (edible mushrooms/truffles)
- food spoilage
- pathogens
Ascospores
Sexually produced by Ascomycota
Conidia
Asexual spores produced by Ascomycota
Aspergillus
Causes allergy, infection, Japanese sake
-Ascomycota
Aflatoxin
A toxin and natural carcinogen and used in genetics
-Ascomycota
Penicilium
Produces antibiotic penicillin
-Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Fungi that have basidia (club shaped structures)
-basidiospores produced within basidiocarps
Microsporidia
Unicellular fungi that are obligate intracelular parasites
- no mitochondria, peroxisomes, and centrioles
- have polar tubule that pierces host cell membrane and allow fungus to gain entry to cell
Mushrooms are a type of?
Basidiocarp
