Unit 2: 15.1 Flashcards
Infection
Successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Infections can lead to a disease but not always
Signs of disease
Are objective and measurable
Example: fever
Symptoms of disease
Subjective
Ex: feelings
Asymptomatic or sublcinical
Diseases thatbdi not present any noticeable signs or symptoms
Morbidity
The number of cases of a disease
Mortality
The nunber of deaths due to a disease
Infectious disease
Any disease caused by the direct effect of a pathogen
Communicable
Can spread person to person through direct or indirect mechanisms
Contagious
Diseases that easily spread from person to person
Iatrogenic diseases
Diseases that are contracted from a medical procedure
Ex: Clostridium perfringens
Nosocomial diseases
Diseases contracted from hospital settings
Ex: contaminated items
Zoonotic or zoonosis
Diseases that go from animals to humans
Ex: Ricketsia ricksetti comes from ticks
Non communicable diseases
Infectious disease that do not spread from one person to another
Ex: Clostridium tetani or Legionella pneumonia (water gets contaminated person cannot pass to someone)
Food poisoning
Noninfectious diseases
Not caused by pathogens
Ex: sickle cell anemia is genetic
Periods of disease
- Incubation
- Prodromal
- Period of illness
- Period of decline
- Convalescence
Incubation period
Pathogen begins multiplying but there is not enough to show signs/symptoms of disease
Prodromal period
Parhogen continues to multiply
- host shows signs/symptoms of illness
- to general to indicate a specific disease
Period of illness
Signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe
Period of decline
The number of pathogen particles decrease and so do symptoms
-patients have weakend immune symptoms can get 2nd infection
Convalescence
Patient returns to normal function some disease may have caused permanet damge
Acute disease
Pathologic changes ocurr in short time
Ex: flu
Chronic disease
Pathologic changes occur over longer time soans
Ex: H. Pylori
Latent disease
Pathogen goes dormant
Ex: HIV
