Unit 2, Chapter 9

Question 1

Old northwest

Answer 1

Territories acquired by the federal government from the states, encompassing land northwest of the Ohio river, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes.
-the well organized management and sale of the land in the territories under the land ordinances of 1785 and 1787 established a precedent for handling future land acquisitions

Question 2

Articles of confederation

Answer 2

(1781) first American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes
- republican government (Liberty, Equality, morality)
- no executive branch
- no judicial branch

Question 3

Land ordinance of 1785

Answer 3

Provided for the sale of land in the old northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt
- divided Western lands

Question 4

northwest ordinance

Answer 4

(1787) created a policy for administering the northwest territories
- it included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories
- Created five territories

Question 5

shay’s rebellion

Who? Where? Why?

Answer 5

(1786) Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures.
- Daniel Shay
- Farmers were angered by debt, so they tried to stop their house foreclosures

Question 6

virginia plan

Answer 6

“large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral congress
-favored larger states, which prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation

Question 7

new jersey plan

Answer 7

(1787) “Small-state plan” put forth at the Philadelphia convention, proposing equal representation by state, regardless of population, in a unicameral legislature.
- small states feared that the more populous states would dominate

Question 8

Great compromise

Answer 8

(1787) Popular term for the measure that reconciled the New Jersey and virginia plans at the constitutional convention, giving states proportional representation in the house and equal representation in the senate

Question 9

common law

Answer 9

laws that originate from court rulings and customs, as opposed to legislative statutes

Question 10

Civic law

Answer 10

Body of unwritten law enacted through legislative statute or constitutional provisions

Question 11

Three-fifths comprimise

Answer 11

(1787) determined that each slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation
- The compromise granted disproportionate politician power to southern slave states

Question 12

Antifederalists

What do they believe?

Answer 12

Opponents of the 1787 constitution, they cast the document as antidemocratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central government and feared encroachment on individuals liberties in the absence of a bill of rights

Question 13

Federalists

What do they believe?

Answer 13

Proponents of the 1787 constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new constitution would safeguard the peoples liberties

Question 14

The federalist

Who? What?

Answer 14

Collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and published during the ratification debates in New York to lay out the federalist arguments in favor of the new constitution

Question 15

Society of Cincinnati

Answer 15

(Established in 1783) exclusive hereditary, organization of former officers in the Continental Army

Question 16

Disestablish

What happens with this after the revolution?

Answer 16

Two separate an official state church from its connection with the government
-following the revolution, all the states disestablished the Anglican Church, so some New England states maintained established congregational church as well into the 19th century

Question 17

Virginia statute for religious freedom

Answer 17

(1786) Measure enacted by the Virginia legislature prohibiting state support for religious institutions and recognizing freedom of worship

Question 18

Civic virtue

Answer 18

Willingness on the part of citizens to sacrifice personal self-interest for the public good
-deemed a necessary component of a successful republic

Question 19

Republican motherhood

Answer 19

Ideal of family organization and female behavior after the American revolution that stressed the role of women in guiding family members toward republican virtue

Question 20

John Dickinson proposal

Answer 20

John Dickinson wanted to see a framework with strong central government which was proposed to the committee

• because of their experience with Great Britain they feared a powerful national governments so his proposal was changed and sent to the states to be ratified in November 1777
• wasn’t ratified until March 1781

Question 21

Newburgh conspiracy

Answer 21

(1783) plan by Continental Army officers to challenge the authority of the Confederation Congress because of their inability to meet its financial obligations to the military

Question 22

Who thought large republics are good because they prevent factions from rising up?

Answer 22

James Madison

Question 23

Annapolis Convention

Goal?

Answer 23

(1786) the goal was to address barriers and to limit trade between the states but they kept fighting so they agreed to meet again a year later

Question 24

Constitutional convention
(Who? How long? What happened?)

Answer 24

55 delegates meet for 4 months to create the constitution