Unit 2, Chapter 15

Question 1

Deism

Beliefs?

Answer 1

(18th century) religious doctrine that emphasized reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge

• rejected biblical inerrancy and the divinity of Christ
• believe that a supreme being created the universe

Question 2

Second Great Awakening

Answer 2

(Early 19th century) religious revival characterized by emotional “camp meetings” and widespread conversion

• resulted in thousands of conversions to evangelical religions
• strongest in the northeast and Midwest

Question 3

Burned-over district

Answer 3

Popular name for western New York, a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the second great awakening

Question 4

Mormons

Answer 4

Religious followers of Joseph Smith, who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order in the 1830s

• officially known as the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
• eventually migrated west and established a flourishing settlement in the Utah desert

Question 5

Lyceum

Answer 5

Public lecture hall that hosted speakers on topics ranging from science to moral philosophy

Question 6

American temperature society

Answer 6

(1826) founding in Boston as a party of a growing effort of 19th century reformers to limit alcohol consumption

Question 7

Maine law of 1851

Answer 7

Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol

• a dozen other states followed Maine’s lead
• most statutes provided ineffective and were repealed within a decade

Question 8

Women’s Rights convention at Seneca Falls

Answer 8

Gathering of feminine activists in Seneca Falls, New York

-Cady Stanton read “Declaration of Sentiments,” stating that “all men and women are created equal”

Question 9

New harmony

Where? How many people? established by who?

Answer 9

(1825-1827) communal society of around 1000 members

-established in New Harmony, Indiana by Robert Owen

Question 10

Brook Farm

Created by who?

Answer 10

(1841-1846) transcendentalist commune founded by a group of intellectuals, who emphasized living plainly while pursuing the life of the mind

• community fell into debt and dissolved when their communal home burned to the ground in 1864
• created by George bipley

Question 11

Oneida community

Created by who?

Answer 11

(Established in the 19th century) one of the most radical utopian communities established, is advocated “free love,” birth control, and eugines
-founded by John Humphrey Noyes

Question 12

Utopian communities

Answer 12

Created to make life more perfect

• Reflected a reformist spirit
• brook farm
• Oneida community
• new harmony

Question 13

Shakers

Answer 13

(Established ca. 1770s) called shakers for their lively dance worship, they emphasized simple, communal living and were expected to practice celibacy

Question 14

Federal style

Answer 14

Early national style of architecture that borrowed from neoclassical models and emphasized symmetry, balance, and restraint
-famous builders associated with this style include Charles Bulfinch and Benjamin Latrobe

Question 15

Greek revival

Answer 15

(Popular between 1820 and 1850) inspired by the contemporary Greek independence movement

Question 16

Hudson River school

Answer 16

(Mid-19th century) American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes

Question 17

Ministrel shows

Answer 17

(First popular in the mid-19th century) Variety shows performed by white actors in blackface

Question 18

Romanticism

Answer 18

(Early 19th century) movement in European and American literature and the arts that, in reaction to the hyper-rational enlightenment, emphasized imagination over reason, intuition over calculation, and self over society

Question 19

Transcendentalist

Answer 19

(Mid-19th century) literary and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance, predicted upon a belief that each person possesses an “inner light” that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God

• believed they could create a relation with the universe
• Many lived in seclusion
• rejected specular authority

Question 20

The American scholar

Who? Where?

Answer 20

(1837) Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Address at Harvard college, in which he declared on intellectual independence from Europe, urging American scholars to develop their own traditions

Question 21

Charles G. Finney

Answer 21

Evangelist preacher in western New York

-believed that the gospel not only saved people, but also reformed society

Question 22

Robert Waldo Emerson

Answer 22

Believed each person was able to create their own original relation with the universe

Question 23

Henry Davis Thoreau

Answer 23

Transcendentalist that created the books “walden” and “on the duty of civil disobedience”

Question 24

Antebellum

Answer 24

Period before the civil war

Question 25

Penitentiary reform

Answer 25

Make asylums and prisons more habitable

-Dorthea Dix

Question 26

Temperance movement

Answer 26

Directed a serious social problem

-goal was to ban the drinking of alcohol

Question 27

Educational reform

Answer 27

• Led by Horace man

- every state offers free public education

Question 28

William Lloyd garrison

Answer 28

Created the first ant-slavery newspaper called the liberator, which called for an immediate and unconditional emancipation of slaves

Question 29

The age of reason

Answer 29

(1794) Thomas Paine’s anticlerical treatise that accused churches of seeking to squire “power and profit” and to “enslave mankind”