Unit 2, Chapter 14 Flashcards
Rendezvous
The principal marketplace of the northwest fur trade
-peaked in the 1820s and 1830s
Ecological imperialism
Historians term for the spoliation of western natural resources through excessive hunting, lodging, mining, and grazing
Ancient order of Hibernians
Who? What?
(Mid-nineteenth century) Irish semi secret society that served as a benevolent Organization for the down trodden Irish immigrants in the United States
Molly maguires
Who? What?
(1860s-1870s) Secret organization of Irish miners who campaign, at all times violently, against the poor working conditions in the Pennsylvania mines
Tommany hall
What? Where?
(Established 1789) powerful New York political machine that primarily through support from the cities immigrants who depended on tomanny hall patronage, partially social services
Know-nothing party
(1850s) nativist political party also known as the American party that emerged in response to an influx of immigrants particularly Irish Catholics
Awful disclosures
(1836) Maria monk’s sensational exposé of alleged honors in catholic covents
- reflected nativist fears of Catholic influence
Industrial revolution
Shift toward mass production and mechanization that included the creation of the modern factory system
Cotton gin (Who? What did this lead do?)
(1793) Eli Whitney’s. Invention that sped up the process of harvesting cotton
- made cotton cultivation more profitable revitalizing the southern economy and increasing the importance of slavery in the south
Patent office
Federal government bureau that reviews patent Applications
-patent-legal recognition of a new invention granting exclusive rights to the inventor for a period of years
Limited liability
Legal principle that facilitates Capital investments by offering protection for individual investors who in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy cannot be held responsible for more than the value of their individual shares
Commonwealth vs hunt
(1842) Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that strengthened the labor movement by upholding the legality of unions
Factory girls
Young women employed in the growing factories of the early 19th century
-they labored long hours in difficult conditions living in socially new conditions away from farms and families
Cult of domesticity (true women hood)
Persuasive 19th century cultural creed that venerated the domestic role of women
-it gave married women greater authority to shape home life but limited opportunities outside the domestic sphere
McCormick reaper
(1831) mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots
- fueled the establishment of large-scale commercial agriculture in the Midwest
Turnpike
Privately funded, toll based public road constructed in the early 19th century to facilitate commerce
Erie Canal
(completed 1825) New York State canal that linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River
-dramatically lowered shipping costs, fueling an economic boom in upstate New York and increasing the profitability of farming in the old northwest
Clipper ships
(1840s-1850s) small, swift vessels that gave American shippers an advantage in the carrying of trade
Pony express
(1860-1861) short lived, speedy mail service between Missouri and California that relies on lightweight riders galloping between closely placed posts
Transportation revolution
(19th century) series of transportation innovations-turnpikes, steamboats, canals, and railroads- that linked local and regional markets, creating a national economy
Self reliance
(1841)Ralf Waldo Emerson’s popular lecture that reflected the spirit of individualism first Pervasive in American popular culture during the 1830s and 1840s
Market revolution
(18th century to 19th century) transformation from a disaggregated subsistence economy to a national commercial and industrial network
- turnpike (toll road)
- Robert Fulton-steamboat
- Erie Canal (1817-1825)
