Unit 1, Chapter 7 Flashcards
Republicanism
Political theory of representative government, based on the principle of popular sovereignty with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue oppose
-hierarchy and authoritarian
Radical Whigs
18th Century British politician commentators who agitated against politician all corruption and emphasized the threat to liberty posed by arbitrary power
Mercantilism
Economic theory that closely linked the nations politician and military power to its British reserves
-justified britains control over the colonies
Sugar act
(1764) duty on Surgar from the west Indies
- first tax on colonists
Quartering act
(1765) required colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops
Stamp act
(1765) widely unpopular tax on an array of paper goods, repealed in 1766 after protests of colonists
Admiralty courts
Used to try offenders for violating the various navigation acts passed by the crown after the French and Indian war
Stamp act congress
(1765) assembly of delegates from 9 colonies who met in New York to draft a petition for repeal of the stamp act
Nonimportation agreements
Boycott against British goods adopted in response to the stamp act and later the Townsend and intolerable acts
Sons of Liberty
Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the stamp act and enforcing nonimportation agreements
Daughters of Liberty
Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the stamp act and enforcing nonimportation agreements
Declaratory act
(1766) passed alongside the repeal of the stamp act, it reaffirmed Pearlman’s unqualified sovereignty over the north American colonies
Townsend acts
(1767) eternal, or indirect levels on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea, the proceeds of which were used to pay colonial governors who had previously been paid directly by colonial assemblies
- created more colonial protests
Boston massacre
(1770) clash between unruly Bostonian protestors and locally stationed British redcoats, who fired on the jeering crowd, killing or wounding 11 citizens
Committees of correspondence
(1712 and after) local committees established across Massachusetts, and later in each of the 13 colonies to maintain colonial opposition to British policies through the exchange of letters and pamphlets
Boston tea party
(1773) rowdy protests against British east India company’s newly acquired monopoly on the tea trade
- colonists disguised as Indians, dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston harbor
“Intolerable acts”
(1774) series of punitive measures passed in retaliation for the Boston tea party, closing the part of Boston revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial quarter, and expanding the quartering act to allow for the lodging of soldier in private homes
Quebec act
(1774) allowed the French residents of Québec to retain their traditional political and religious institutions, and extend the boundaries of the province southward to the Ohio river
First continental congress
(1774) convention of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the intolerable acts
- the association
The association
(1744) non importation agreement crafted during the first continental congress calling for the complete boycott of British goods
Lexington and cord
(April 1775) first battles of the revolutionary war
- fought outside of Boston
- colonial militia caused the British to retreat
Valley forge
(1777-1778) encampment where George Washington poorly equipped army sent a wretched, freezing winter
- lacked stable supplies
- Pennsylvania
- small pox outbreak killed many
Camp followers
Women and children who followed the continental army during the American Revolution, providing vital services such as cooking and sewing in return for rations
“Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment”
(November 1775) proclamation promising freedom for enslaved blacks in Virginia who joined the British army
