UNIT 2: Cell Structure Flashcards
Cell membrane
Controls what substances enter and leave the cell
Cytosol
Medium in which all metabolic reactions occur
Nucleus
Controls all activities of the cell
Nucleolus
Makes RNA
Mitochondrion
Carries out the reactions of respiration
Lysosome
Destroys old, worn out cell organelles
Ribosome
Makes proteins
Chloroplast
Carries out the reactions of photosynthesis
Large central vacuole
Stores food, water, minerals, vitamins and wastes
Light (compound) microscope
Uses visible light, two or more lenses, and a specimen - usually strained to make structures more visible
Electron microscope
Uses beams of electrons (e-), a number of electromagnetic lenses (that focus and diverge the beam of e-), a piece of photographic film (like X-ray film), and a specimen
Eyepiece lens
Magnifies the image, closest to the observers eye
Objective lens
Magnifies the image, closest to the specimen
Stage
Holds the specimen (slide)
Disohragm
Controls the amount of light
Light source /mirror
Sends light up through the stage and specimen
Fine / coarse focus wheels
Make fine / large adjustments to the clarity of the image
The electron microscope
Uses beams of electrons to view specimens
Produces magnifications of up to 1000000x
Prokaryotic cells
Have a tough outer cell wall and have no membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
Have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
Protoplasm
All the living parts of a cell
Cytoplasm
The living material in a cell outside the nucleus
Ultra structure
The detail of a structure as seen using an electron microscope
Chromatin
The name given to chromosomes when they are elongated and not dividing
