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Biology > EXPERIEMENT (TESTS) > Flashcards

EXPERIEMENT (TESTS) Flashcards

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1
Q

glucose (reducing sugar):

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. benedicts solution & 37˚C water bath

2. sky blue to brick red

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2
Q

protein (biuret)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. Biuret solution (sodium hydroxide & copper sulphate)

2. sky blue to lilac

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3
Q

strach

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. iodine

2. brown to blue/black

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4
Q

fat

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. brown paper

2. translucent spot

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5
Q

animal cell (cheek cell)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. stain: methylene blue

2. highlight cell organelles under microscope

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6
Q

plant cell (onion cell)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. stain: iodine

2. highlight cell organelles under microscope

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7
Q

cells

  1. chemicals / instrument, (3)
  2. positive result / function. (3)
A
  1. cover slip at 45˚ angle - 2. to prevent air bubbles
  2. mounted needle - 2. helps lower cover slip slowly at 45˚ angle
  3. drops of water on slide - 2. to prevent cells drying out
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8
Q

microscope

  1. chemicals / instrument, (2)
  2. positive result / function. (2)
A
  1. objective lense - 2. magnifies object to be observed

1. coarse focus wheels - 2. roughly focuses image

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9
Q

enzyme activity

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. hydrogen peroxide (substrate), catalase (enzyme in celery)
  2. oxygen in the form of foam (volume of foam per unit time)
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10
Q

temperature variation (enzymes)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. thermostatically controlled waterbath at different temperatures
  2. changing temerature will vary the amount of foam produced (eg enzyme activity will change)
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11
Q

pH variation (emzymes)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. pH buffer solutions of various pH

2. change buffer pH will effect enzyme activity (i.e. change amount of oxygen in the form of foam produced)

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12
Q
  1. washing up liquid (enzymes)

2. positive result / function

A
  1. traps oxygen in the form of foam and allows oxyen production (enzyme activity )to be measured
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13
Q

enzyme immobilisation (enzymes)

  1. chemicals / instrument, (3)
  2. positive result / function. (3)
A
  1. sodium alginate -2. inert material that traps enzyme
  2. calcium chloride -2. material that makes enzyme insoluble
  3. yeast -2. sourse of enzyme sucrase
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14
Q

photosynthesis

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. elodea (aquatic plant)

2. easier to see and count oxygen bubbles given off

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15
Q

CO2 variation (photosynthesis)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. sodium hydrogen carbonate

2. varying the amount will vary the CO2 concentration and change the number of bubbles of O2produced

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16
Q

light intensity variation (photosynthesis)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. lamp

2. moving the light source different distances from experiment will vary O2 bubbles produced

17
Q

temperature maintainence (photosynthesis)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. thermostatically controlled waterbath at a fixed temperature
  2. keeps temperature constant
18
Q

ethanol test (respiration)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. potassium iodide / sodium hypochlorite, heat gently in a water bath
  2. yellow crystals
19
Q

carbon dioxide test (respiration)

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. limewater

2. clear to milky

20
Q

abiotic factor (ecology)

  1. chemicals / instrument, (4)
  2. positive result / function. (4)
A
  1. pH metre -2. meaure pH of soil
  2. thermometre -2. measure soil and air temperature
  3. anemometre -2. measure wind speed
  4. secchi disc / turbidity metre -2. measure water turbidity
21
Q

qualitative analysis

  1. chemicals / instrument, (7)
  2. positive result / function. (7)
A
  1. identification key -2. series of questions used to identify animals and plants
  2. pooter -2. collects insects and spiders
  3. beating tray -2. collects insects, spiders, caterpillars
  4. pitfall trap -2. crawing insects, snails
  5. sweep net -2. hedgerow insects
  6. tullggren funnell -2. centipedes, millipedes
  7. quadrat -2. record the number of times a plant appears
22
Q

osmosis

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. visking tubing

2. acts as a semi-permeable membrane

23
Q

dicot stem analysis

  1. chemicals / instrument, (2)
  2. positive result / function. (2)
A
  1. blade / scalpel -2. cut a thin slice of celery

1. forcep -2. transfer stem to glass slide

24
Q

leaf yeasts (fungi)

  1. chemicals / instrument,(4)
  2. positive result / function. (4)
A
  1. petroleum jelly -2. sticks leaf to lid of agar plate
  2. nutrient agar -2. medium with all the food microorganisms need to grow
  3. methylates spirits -2. kills any microorganisms present
  4. incubator at 35˚C -2. temperature at which enzymes in yeast work best.
25
Q

DNA isolation

  1. chemicals / instrument, (8)
  2. positive result / function. (8)
A
  1. washing up liquid -2. cell membrane breaks down
  2. table salt -2. DNA molecules clump together
  3. water bath at 60˚C (no longer than 15 minutes) -2. speeds up reaction and denatures enzyme DNase that breaks down DNA (or DNA will start to break down )
  4. icebath -2. prevents complete denaturation and DNA destruction
  5. food blender -2. breaks down cell wall
  6. filter paper -2. collects cell fragments
  7. protease -2. breaks down protein surrounding DNA
  8. ice cold ethanol -2. causes the DNA to come out of solution
26
Q

germiation

  1. chemicals / instrument, (2)
  2. positive result / function. (2)
A
  1. boiled water -2. to remove oxygen from water

1. layer of oil -2. eliminate oxygen (creates anaerobic conditions)

27
Q

growth regulators

  1. chemicals / instrument,
  2. positive result / function.
A
  1. IAA (indole acetic acid)
  2. affects the length of the root and shoot growth - at low concentration promotes root growth, at hight concentration promotes shoot growth

Biology (38 decks)

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