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SF IDC > UNIT 1.3 Structural and Functional Organization of the Body > Flashcards

UNIT 1.3 Structural and Functional Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

DESCRIBE the structural and functional organization of the cells of the human body

A
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2
Q

NAME the three main parts of a cell

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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3
Q

DEFINE the function of the plasma membrane

A
  • Flexible, sturdy barrier of mostly lipids and proteins
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4
Q

DEFINE the functions of the nucleus

A
  • spherical oval structure most prominent feature of a cell

- contain most of cells hereditary units

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5
Q

DEFINE how cells differ in size and shape

A 
200 types of cells
various shapes
tail (flagellum)
disc shape
long spindle shape
can contain microvilli
have long extensions
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6
Q

Cell biology

A
  • study of cellular structure and function
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7
Q

cell

A

living structural and functional unit of the body

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8
Q

Plasma membrane

A
  • forms flexible outer surface; separating outside from inside
  • regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell
  • plays key role in communication among and between cells and external environment
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9
Q

two components of Cytoplasm

A

cytosol and organelles

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10
Q

Cytosol

A
  • liquid portion of cytoplasm

- mostly water with dissolved solutes and particles

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11
Q

Organelles

A
  • membrane-bound structures with specific structures and functions
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12
Q

Nucleus

A
  • largest organelle
  • acts as the control center
  • contains the organisms genes
  • control cell structures and activities
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13
Q

Lipid bilayer

A
  • basic framework of the plasma membrane
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14
Q

three types of lipid molecules

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol
  • Glycolipids
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15
Q

Phospholipids

A

lipids that contain phosphorus

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16
Q

Glycolipids:

A
  • lipids attached to carbohydrates
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17
Q

Two types of membrane proteins

A
  • Integral

- Peripheral

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18
Q

Integral proteins

A

extend into or through the lipid bilayer

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19
Q

Peripheral proteins

A
  • loosely attached to the interior or exterior surface of the membrane
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20
Q

glycoproteins

A
  • peripheral proteins attached to carbohydrate
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21
Q

Plasma Membrane Function

A
  • Selectively permeable: allows some substances to move into and out of cell, but restricts others
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22
Q

2 types of proteins in a membrane

A

integral

peripheral

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23
Q

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

A

inside body cells

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24
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

25
Q

cytoplasm

A

consists of all cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus

26
Q

glyco means

A

carbohydrate

27
Q

type of molecules that can not pass through plasma membrane

A

large molecules such as proteins

28
Q

enzymes

A

speed up specific chemical reactions

29
Q

where is 2/3 of fluid in the body

A

intracellular fluid

30
Q

interstitual fluid

A

microscopic spaces between cells of the tissues

31
Q

plasma

A

Extracellular fluid in the blood vessels

32
Q

lymph

A

Extracellular fluid in the lymphatic vessels

33
Q

solute

A

material dissolved in a fluid

34
Q

solvent

A

dissolving fluid

35
Q

concentration

A

amount of a solute in the solvent

36
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference between high and low concentrations

37
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

- will move down concentration gradient

38
Q

active transport

A

usually in form of ATP

-pushes uphill against concentration gradient

39
Q

passive transport and 3 types

A

only kinetic energy

  • down concentration gradient
  • diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
40
Q

simple diffusion

A

movement of substances from higher concentration gradient to lower until equilibrium is reached

41
Q

lipid soluble substances that move by simple diffusion

A 
oxygen
carbon dioxide
fatty acids
steroids'
water
urea
42
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

molecules (such as glucose) bind to a integral protein on one side of membrane and released on the other

43
Q

osmosis

A

passive movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration

44
Q

isotonic

A
  • solution with equal concentrations of solute and solvent on either side
  • water enters and leaves at same rate
  • cell maintains shape and volume
45
Q

hypotonic

A
  • solution in ECF has low concentration solute and high concentration of solvent (water)
  • cells (such as RBC) to rupture as water moves into cell
46
Q

hypertonic

A
  • solution in the ECF has a high concentration of solute and a low concentration of solvent (water)
  • cells (such as RBC) to shrink (crenate) as water moves out of cell
47
Q

sodium- potassium pump (Na+ K+)

A

keeps high levels of K+ in cells ICF, and high concentration of Na+ outside cell in ECF
- critical for nerve ad muscle function

48
Q

types of active transport

A 
Na+K+ pump
endocytosis
phagocytosis
bulk-phase endocytosis
exocytosis
49
Q

endocytosis

A

substances surrounded and enclosed by a piece of the plasma membrane forming a vesicle that bring it into cell

50
Q

2 types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis and bulk-phase endocytosis

51
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell eating

- how white blood cells destroy bacteria

52
Q

bulk-phase endocytosis

A

ingestion of tiny droplets of extracellular fluid. vesicle surrounds ECF
- aka pinocytosis “cell drinking”

53
Q

exocytosis

A

movement of substances out of a cell resulting in secretion of the substance into the ECF

54
Q

oocyte

A

largest cell

  • 140 micrometers
  • barely visable to unaided eye
55
Q

red blood cell

A

disc shaped
8 micrometers
large surface area
pass oxygen

56
Q

sperm cell

A

tail (flagellum) used for locomotion

57
Q

smooth muscle cell

A

long, spindle shape
shortens as it contracts
narrows or widens
blood flow

58
Q

microvilli

A

greatly increases surface area
common in epithelial cells (line small intestine)
speeds the absorption of digested foods

59
Q

nerve cells

A

long extensions that conduct nerve impulses

SF IDC (39 decks)

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