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SF IDC > 19.5 GU STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

19.5 GU STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

DESCRIBE the function of the organs of the female reproductive system

A
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2
Q

DESCRIBE the major events of the ovarian and uterine cycles

A
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3
Q

organs of the female reproductive system

A
  • ovaries;
  • uterine (fallopian) tubes, (or oviducts);
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • external organs (vulva, or pudendum)
  • mammary glands
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4
Q

ovaries (egg receptacles) are paired organs that produce secondary oocytes (cells that
develop into mature ova, or eggs, following fertilization) and hormones, such as
progesterone and estrogens (the female sex hormones), inhibin, and relaxin. shape of unshelled almonds.

A
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5
Q

a region of dense connective

tissue that contains ovarian follicles.

A

ovarian cortex,

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6
Q

layer of simple epithelium (low cuboidal or squamous)

that covers the surface of the ovary.

A

germinal epithelium

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7
Q

tubes that extend laterally from the uterus and

transport the secondary oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus

A

uterine (fallopian) TUBES

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8
Q

open, funnel shaped end of each tube, the ________________, lies close to the
ovary, but is open to the pelvic cavity.

A

infundibulum

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9
Q

UTERINE TUBE ends in a fringe of fingerlike projections called

A

fimbriae

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10
Q

usual site for fertilization of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell is in the

A

uterine tube.

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11
Q

Fertilization may occur any time up to about _________ after ovulation.

A

24 hours

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12
Q

fertilized ovum

A

zygote

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13
Q

(zygote) descends into the uterus within ______ days.

Unfertilized_________ disintegrate.

A

seven

secondary oocytes

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14
Q
  1. (womb) serves as part of the pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to
    reach the uterine tubes.
    (2 sites of implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of the fetus during
    pregnancy, and labor.
    (a) source of menstrual flow.
    (3) between the urinary bladder and the rectum and is shaped like an inverted pear.
    (4)
    (a) The interior of the body of the uterus is called the uterine cavity (Figure 23.9).
    (b) The middle muscular layer of the uterus, the myometrium, consists of smooth
    muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall.
    (c) During childbirth, coordinated contractions of uterine muscles help expel the fetus.
    (d) The innermost part of the uterine wall, the endometrium, is a mucous membrane. It
    nourishes a growing fetus or is shed each month during menstruation if
    fertilization does not occur.
    (e) The endometrium contains many endometrial glands whose secretions nourish
    sperm and the zygote.
A

uterus

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15
Q

dome shaped portion superior to the uterine tubes called

A

the fundus

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16
Q

tapering central portion OF UTERUS called

A

the body

17
Q

narrow portion OF UTERUS opening into the vagina called the

A

cervix.

18
Q

-tubular canal that extends from the exterior of the body to the uterine
cervix
-receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse
-outlet for menstrual Flow
-passageway for childbirth.

A

vagina

19
Q

, refers to the external genitals of the female

A

vulva, or pudendum

20
Q

elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair,

which cushions the pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

21
Q

From the mons pubis, two longitudinal folds of skin, the labia majora extend down
and back (singular is labium majus).
- develop from the same embryonic tissue that the scrotum develops from
-contain adipose tissue and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.
-covered by pubic hair.

A

(b) The labia majora

22
Q

Medial to the labia majora are two folds of skin called

  • do not contain pubic hair or fat and have few sudoriferous (sweat) glands
  • contain numerous sebaceous (oil) glands
A

labia minora.

23
Q

region between the labia minora is called the

A

vestibule

24
Q

glands in the wall of the urethra secrete mucus

A

paraurethral glands (Skene glands).

25
Q

On either side of the vaginal orifice itself are the )__________, which produce a small quantity of mucus during sexual arousal and intercourse that adds to cervical mucus and provides lubrication.
a) In males, the bulbourethral glands are equivalent structures.

A

greater vestibular glands

Bartholin glands

26
Q
  • circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple

- region appears rough because it contains modified sebaceous (oil) glands

A

areola

27
Q

each mammary gland consists of _______ lobes arranged radially and
separated by adipose tissue and strands of connective tissue called ___________ which support the breast.

A

15 to 20

suspensory ligaments of the breast (Cooper’s ligaments),

28
Q

functions of the mammary glands are the synthesis, secretion, and ejection of
milk; these functions

A

lactation

29
Q

Milk production is stimulated largely by the hormone ______ from the anterior
pituitary, with contributions from progesterone and estrogens.

A

prolactin

30
Q

ejection of milk is stimulated by _________, which is released from the
posterior pituitary in response to the sucking of an infant on the mother’s nipple

A

oxytocin

31
Q

During their reproductive years, non-pregnant females normally exhibit ________ changes in the ovaries and uterus.
(2) Each cycle takes about a month and involves both ____ AND _____ to receive a fertilized ovum.

A

cyclical

oogenesis and preparation of the
uterus

32
Q

formation and development of gametes in females.

A

Oogenesis

33
Q

WHAT HORMONE secreted by the hypothalamus controls the

ovarian and uterine cycles

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

34
Q

GnRH stimulates the release of ______ AND ____ from the anterior pituitary.
(b) FSH, in turn, initiates follicular growth and the secretion of ______by the
growing follicles.
(c) LH stimulates the further development of ______ and their full secretion
of estrogens.
(d) At mid-cycle, LH triggers ovulation and then promotes formation of the_______ , the reason for the name luteinizing hormone.
(e) Stimulated by LH, the corpus luteum produces and secretes_____, ____, _____, AND ____

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

estrogens

ovarian follicles

corpus luteum

estrogens, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin.

35
Q

promote the development and maintenance of female reproductive
structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and the mammary glands, stimulate protein synthesis, lower blood cholesterol level

A

Estrogens

36
Q

secreted mainly by cells of the corpus luteum, acts together with
estrogens to prepare and then maintain the endometrium for implantation of a
fertilized ovum and to prepare the mammary glands for milk secretion

A

Progesterone,

SF IDC (39 decks)

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