unit 11 biology vocab

Question 1

scientific study of heredity

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

male and female reproductive cells join, sexual reproduction

Answer 2

fertilization

Question 3

allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce off-spring identical to themselves

Answer 3

true-breeding

Question 4

specific characteristic, varies from one individual to another(seed color or plant height)

Answer 4

trait

Question 5

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Answer 5

hybrids

Question 6

chemical factors that determine traits

Answer 6

genes

Question 7

different forms of a gene

Answer 7

alleles

Question 8

seperation

Answer 8

segregation

Question 9

sex cells

Answer 9

gametes

Question 10

likelihood that a particular event will occur

Answer 10

probability

Question 11

diagram, used to predict and compare the genetic variation that will result from a cross

Answer 11

punnett square

Question 12

two identical alleles

Answer 12

homozygous

Question 13

TT,tt

Answer 13

homozygous

Question 14

two different alleles for the same trait

Answer 14

heterozygous

Question 15

Tt

Answer 15

heterozygous

Question 16

physical characteristics

Answer 16

penotype

Question 17

genetic makeup

Answer 17

genotype

Question 18

genes that segregate independently( genes for seed shape and seed color in pea plants), do not influence each other’s inheritance

Answer 18

independent assortment

Question 19

one allele is not completely dominant over another

Answer 19

incomplete dominance

Question 20

both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Answer 20

co dominance

Question 21

white and red flowers

Answer 21

codominance

Question 22

pink flowers

Answer 22

incomplete dominance

Question 23

more than two alleles

Answer 23

multiple alleles

Question 24

traits controlled by two or more genes, having many genes

Answer 24

polygenic traits

Question 25

chromosomes that come from the male, has a corresponding chromosome from the female

Answer 25

homologous

Question 26

cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes, 2n=8, contain two complete sets of chromosome and genes

Answer 26

diploid

Question 27

single set of genes, n=4

Answer 27

haploid

Question 28

process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell (creates genetically different cells, 4 )

Answer 28

meiosis

Question 29

four chromosome structure, created during meiosis

Answer 29

tetrad

Question 30

eschange of alleles between homologous chromosomes

Answer 30

crossing over

Question 31

showing the relative locations of each known gene

Answer 31

Gene Map

Question 32

states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Answer 32

principle of dominance

Question 33

MItosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, wheres Meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells

Answer 33

difference between Mitosis and meiosis

Question 34

each chromosome is actually a group of linked genes, independent assortment still hold true, it is the chromosome, however, that assort independently, not individual genes

Answer 34

Gene Linkage explained

Question 35

two traits

Answer 35

dihybrids