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Grade 10 > Poultry Unit Study Guide, Animal Science > Flashcards

Poultry Unit Study Guide, Animal Science Flashcards

1
Q

Adult female

A

Hen

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2
Q

Young female

A

pullet

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3
Q

Adult male

A

Rooster

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4
Q

Young Male

A

Cockerel

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5
Q

Castrated Male

A

Capon

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6
Q

Newly hatched chick

A

chick

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7
Q

Group of chickens

A

flock

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8
Q

Kingdom

A

Animalia

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9
Q

Phylum

A

Chordata

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10
Q

Class

A

Aves

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11
Q

Order

A

Galliformes

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12
Q

Family

A

Phasiandae

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13
Q

Genus

A

Gallus

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14
Q

Species

A

G. Gallus

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15
Q

Scientific name

A

Gallus Gallus domesticus

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16
Q

what is vertical integration?

A

when a company owns all the steps in the process or supply chain

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17
Q

What are the advantages to both the farmer and the consumer of vertical integration?

A

it maximises profit and produces an efficient product from start to finish

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18
Q

Their responsibility is to develop and reproduce strains of chicken that meet the requirements of chicken producers and processing companies.

A

Primary Breeders

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19
Q

Convert raw materials into finished feel according to very specific formulas developed by poultry nutritionists

A

feed mill

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20
Q

hens and roosters keep under tight security to produce fertile hatching eggs

A

Breeders

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21
Q

a specialized facility designed to hatch fertile eggs received from breeder farms

A

Hatchery

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22
Q

independent farmers who raise them to market weight under contract with the company

A

Grow out farms

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23
Q

harvests the birds by humane standards and are inspected by the USDA for any disease or defects

A

Processing Plants

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24
Q

Specialized operations or plants that receive whole chicken or cut-up parts and perform a variety of further processing steps( cooking, breading, or marinating)

A

Further Processing

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25
Q

Chicken products are transported in refrigerated trucks from processing and flighter processing plants to grocery stores, restaurants, and other customers

A

Transportation and Marketing

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26
Q

What is the difference between a layer and a broiler?

A

Broilers–> produce meat
Layers–> produce eggs

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27
Q

Name four characteristics of meat breeds

A

grow faster and larger, larger breast meat yield, more disease feed conversion, more disease resistance

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28
Q

What breed of chicken is most commonly used in the broiler industry?

A

Cornish Cross

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29
Q

list two characteristics of layer breeds

A

tend to be small bodied, have been genetically selected for high egg productivity

30
Q

How are the color of a chicken’s ear lobes and the color of their eggs related?

A

the color of the ear lobe tells what color the egg will be

31
Q

Name two of the most popular chicken breeds used in layer industry?

A

white leghorns, Rhode Island Red

32
Q

What is a dual purpose breed?

A

Chicken that is used for both laying eggs, and producing meat

33
Q

List three benefits of specialization

A

Good at production, effective, Useful

34
Q

Clutch length

A

how many days a hen will lay until she takes a break

35
Q

Shell quality

A

if an egg can stay intact from the hen to transportation

36
Q

sexual maturity

A

age they are able to reproduce

37
Q

size

A

depends on size of egg

38
Q

Growth Rate

A

rate which meat birds grow

39
Q

skeletal development

A

able to support weight of the muscle

40
Q

Resilience

A

ability to withstand disease

41
Q

temperament

A

behave well, don’t pick on other birds

42
Q

Skeletal –> what is the function

A

provides support or structure and protects internal organs

43
Q

How are birds bones different from those of mammals?

A

they have hollow bones that allow then the fly

44
Q

Respiratory–> what is the function

A

brings oxygen into the body and converts into carbon dioxide

45
Q

What purpose do the air sacs serve?

A

when birds inhale, oxygen and goes to air sacs first

46
Q

circulatory–> what is the function

A

Controls flow of blood throughout the body

47
Q

what are some differences between this system in birds and mammals?

A

chickens have a closed circulatory system, all blood is in blood vessels

48
Q

integumentary–> what is the function

A

controlling the body temperature of the chicken

49
Q

Name two anatomical structures of this system in poultry

A

Feathers, Comb, and Wattle

50
Q

What is the function of the gizzard?

A

contains the gravel that helps break down food

51
Q

What is the function of the proventriculus?

A

acts as the stomach for the chicken

52
Q

what is the function of the crop?

A

stores food

53
Q

which system is the most similar to humans?

A

Urinary system is closest to humans

54
Q

function of the Amnion

A

a membrane that surrounds the embryo and protects it from microorganisms

55
Q

function of the allantois

A

a sack that holds some of the embryo’s waste. It is attached to the embryo near the legs

56
Q

function of vitelline membrane

A

the membrane that surrounds the yolk

57
Q

what does the germinal disc look like on the yolk of a fertilized egg?

A

white little circle on an egg

58
Q

where is the air cell located and what is its function?

A

location–> at the large end of the egg
function–> to provide air to the chick well growing

59
Q

what is the function of the yolk for the developing embryo?

A

to provide nutrients to the chick well growing

60
Q

what is the function of the chalazae?

A

to hold the yolk in the middle of the egg

61
Q

ovary

A

hold follicles and release ovum

62
Q

follicle

A

produces an ovum

63
Q

infundibulum

A

catched the ovum released by the ruptured follicle

64
Q

Magnum

A

ovum moves to the next step, makes mucin that develops the albumen

65
Q

Isthmus

A

minerals salts are added and the inner and outer membranes are formed

66
Q

Uterus/ Shell Gland

A

egg shell is complete, color is also added to the shell here

67
Q

where is the location of fertilization in the hen’s reproductive tract?

A

infundibulum

68
Q

how many days does it take for a chick to hatch?

A

21 days

69
Q

at what day in the cycle does rapid cell division occur and most body system begin developing?

A

Day 1

70
Q

at what day in the cycle does the yolk get fully absorbed?

A

Day 20

71
Q

At what day in the cycle do the feathers begin to appear?

A

Day 11

Grade 10 (61 decks)

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