8-9 Biology vocab Flashcards
use light energy for food, plants
autotrophs
get energy from food they consume, animals
heterotrophs
principal chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy
(ATP) adenosine triphosphate
plants use sunlight to make food, key cellular process
photosynthesis
light, absorbing molecules
pigment
absorb light for plants, two kinds A and B
chlorophyll
saclike photosynthesis membranes
thylakoid
light, collecting units of the chloroplast
photosystems
region outside the thylakoid membranes
stroma
accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion
(NADP+) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
light-dependent reactions
protein, allows H+ ions to pass through it
ATP synthase
plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for along time
Calvin cycle
energy needed to raise the temp
calorie
releases small amounts of energy
glycolysis
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
cellular respiration
accepts a pair of high-energy electrons
NAD+
releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP
Fermentation
fermentation that doesn’t require oxygen
anaerobic
pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen
aerobic
second stage of cellular respiration, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extraction reactions
Krebs Cycle
uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convent ADP into ATP
electron transport chain
