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Grade 10 > Cattle study guide animal science > Flashcards

Cattle study guide animal science Flashcards

1
Q

cow

A

mature female

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2
Q

bull

A

mature male

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3
Q

heifer

A

young female

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4
Q

steer

A

castrated male

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5
Q

calf

A

young (general)

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6
Q

hereford

A

british

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7
Q

charolais

A

European

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8
Q

angus

A

british

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9
Q

simmental

A

European

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10
Q

brahman

A

american

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11
Q

shorthorn

A

british

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12
Q

what is the gestation length of a cow?

A

280 days

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13
Q

at what age are calves weaned?

A

6-8 months

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14
Q

how long is gestation?

A

9 months

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15
Q

how long is estrus?

A

15 hrs

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16
Q

how long is estrous?

A

19-21 days

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17
Q

Include Europe continental, British, or a mixture

A

Bos Taurus

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18
Q

developed in India and East Asia, selected for heat tolerance and disease resistance

A

Bos indicus

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19
Q

Is a registered animal whose ancestors are from any generations of a recognized breed

A

Purebred

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20
Q

are not registered, more common and tend to be crossbreeds

A

Commercial

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21
Q

are born without horns

A

polled

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22
Q

cattle that have horns

A

horned

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23
Q

mothering ability, fertility, low rates of dystocia, and milk production

A

Maternal

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24
Q

efficient rate of weight gain and carcass yield

A

paternal

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25
Q

Most beef cattle are born on this operations Cows are bred each year to produce calves for market
Producers profit from the sale of calves at weaning age (6-8 months)

A

Cow calf

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26
Q

Cattle are typically registered with a breed association
Pedigree, performance data (birth date, birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, maternal/milk or carcass data, etc) are documented here
also known as “Purebred Breeders”
produce bulls, heifers/cow to be used in registered breeding herds and commercial operation

A

Seedstock (purebred breeders)

27
Q

Also known as “backgrounding”
Calves (6-8 months) are sent here to graze on pastures
Moderate weight gain
Minimal grain in diet
This stages lasts from weaning age (6-8 months) to 12-18 months

A

stocker

28
Q

Cattle do not graze here
Fed high grain diets with roughage (hay) included
Increases fat deposition and quality of beef
Cattle spend 4-6 months on feedlot
Reach market weight at 1.5 – 2 years age

A

Feedlot

29
Q

2 within scrotum, produces sperm

A

testes

30
Q

long slender tubule encased and lying along surface of testis, sperm matures passing through

A

epididymis

31
Q

contains testicles, external, keeps testicles low body temp (high temp= infertility)

A

scrotum

32
Q

consists of the external genital organ (female)

A

vulva

33
Q

female organ of copulation, external genital

A

vagina

34
Q

muscular opening between vagina and uterus

A

cervix

35
Q

uterus, structure between cervix and horns, site of implantation

A

Uterine body

36
Q

sperm meets ova here, fertilization takes place

A

oviduct

37
Q

paired, will produce ova (eggs) inside follicles, largest follicles will rupture during “estrus”

A

ovary

38
Q

release of ovum (egg)

A

ovulation

39
Q

the act of mating

A

copulation

40
Q

becoming pregnant

A

conception

41
Q

length of pregnancy

A

gestation

42
Q

the time of receptivity to mating during the estrous cycle; also termed “heat”

A

estrus

43
Q

the interval between two estrus periods

A

estrous cycle

44
Q

the act of giving birth

A

parturition

45
Q

where is the site of fertilization in cattle?

A

oviducts

46
Q

take embryos form superior females and put them in receiver females

A

embryo flushing and transfer

47
Q

separate X and Y sperm

A

sexed semen

48
Q

outside the body, in a lad you combine sperm and egg in a petri dish to make embryo

A

in vitro fertilization

49
Q

what is colostrum?

A

First form of breastmilk, nutrient-dense and high in antibodies and antioxidants to build a newborn baby-s immune system

50
Q

what are the four parts of the esophagus feeder?

A

Tube, clamp/crimp, probe, and bottle

51
Q

In what three situations would you need to use an esophageal feeder?

A

To deliver, medicine, colostrum, and electrolytes

52
Q

what are the benefits of castration?

A

Decreased aggression
Decreased sexual activity
Decreased number of animals with high muscle ptt

53
Q

what is the best time to castrate and why?

A

Less than 3 months
Low stress time in calf’s life

54
Q

0-3 months castration tool

A

elastrator

55
Q

3-10 months castration tool

A

berry knife or sterilized knife

56
Q

10+ months castration tool

A

berry knife

57
Q

Define “ruminant”

A

4 compartment stomach

58
Q

Name three animals which are considered ruminants.

A

Goats, sheep, cattle

59
Q

What is the number one advantage of being a ruminant?

A

Can eat the world’s most abundant organic molecule: cellulose

60
Q

What does the lining of the rumen look like and what is its function?

A

Looks like shag carpet
Fermentation vat/allows for bacterial and chemical breakdown of fiber

61
Q

What does the lining of the reticulum look like and what is its function?

A

Looks like honeycomb
Functions in mixing and regurgitation

62
Q

Where do magnets reside in the ruminant’s digestive system and what is the purpose of the magnet?

A

Reticulum
Captures wires or fine metal material and prevents damage

63
Q

What is the function of the omasum?

A

Water absorption

64
Q

What is the function of the abomasum?

A

Very similar to the stomach of non-ruminants
True stomach

Grade 10 (61 decks)

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