Cattle study guide animal science Flashcards
1
Q
cow
A
mature female
2
Q
bull
A
mature male
3
Q
heifer
A
young female
4
Q
steer
A
castrated male
5
Q
calf
A
young (general)
6
Q
hereford
A
british
7
Q
charolais
A
European
8
Q
angus
A
british
9
Q
simmental
A
European
10
Q
brahman
A
american
11
Q
shorthorn
A
british
12
Q
what is the gestation length of a cow?
A
280 days
13
Q
at what age are calves weaned?
A
6-8 months
14
Q
how long is gestation?
A
9 months
15
Q
how long is estrus?
A
15 hrs
16
Q
how long is estrous?
A
19-21 days
17
Q
Include Europe continental, British, or a mixture
A
Bos Taurus
18
Q
developed in India and East Asia, selected for heat tolerance and disease resistance
A
Bos indicus
19
Q
Is a registered animal whose ancestors are from any generations of a recognized breed
A
Purebred
20
Q
are not registered, more common and tend to be crossbreeds
A
Commercial
21
Q
are born without horns
A
polled
22
Q
cattle that have horns
A
horned
23
Q
mothering ability, fertility, low rates of dystocia, and milk production
A
Maternal
24
Q
efficient rate of weight gain and carcass yield
A
paternal
25
Most beef cattle are born on this operations Cows are bred each year to produce calves for market
Producers profit from the sale of calves at weaning age (6-8 months)
Cow calf
26
Cattle are typically registered with a breed association
Pedigree, performance data (birth date, birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, maternal/milk or carcass data, etc) are documented here
also known as “Purebred Breeders”
produce bulls, heifers/cow to be used in registered breeding herds and commercial operation
Seedstock (purebred breeders)
27
Also known as “backgrounding”
Calves (6-8 months) are sent here to graze on pastures
Moderate weight gain
Minimal grain in diet
This stages lasts from weaning age (6-8 months) to 12-18 months
stocker
28
Cattle do not graze here
Fed high grain diets with roughage (hay) included
Increases fat deposition and quality of beef
Cattle spend 4-6 months on feedlot
Reach market weight at 1.5 – 2 years age
Feedlot
29
2 within scrotum, produces sperm
testes
30
long slender tubule encased and lying along surface of testis, sperm matures passing through
epididymis
31
contains testicles, external, keeps testicles low body temp (high temp= infertility)
scrotum
32
consists of the external genital organ (female)
vulva
33
female organ of copulation, external genital
vagina
34
muscular opening between vagina and uterus
cervix
35
uterus, structure between cervix and horns, site of implantation
Uterine body
36
sperm meets ova here, fertilization takes place
oviduct
37
paired, will produce ova (eggs) inside follicles, largest follicles will rupture during “estrus”
ovary
38
release of ovum (egg)
ovulation
39
the act of mating
copulation
40
becoming pregnant
conception
41
length of pregnancy
gestation
42
the time of receptivity to mating during the estrous cycle; also termed “heat”
estrus
43
the interval between two estrus periods
estrous cycle
44
the act of giving birth
parturition
45
where is the site of fertilization in cattle?
oviducts
46
take embryos form superior females and put them in receiver females
embryo flushing and transfer
47
separate X and Y sperm
sexed semen
48
outside the body, in a lad you combine sperm and egg in a petri dish to make embryo
in vitro fertilization
49
what is colostrum?
First form of breastmilk, nutrient-dense and high in antibodies and antioxidants to build a newborn baby-s immune system
50
what are the four parts of the esophagus feeder?
Tube, clamp/crimp, probe, and bottle
51
In what three situations would you need to use an esophageal feeder?
To deliver, medicine, colostrum, and electrolytes
52
what are the benefits of castration?
Decreased aggression
Decreased sexual activity
Decreased number of animals with high muscle ptt
53
what is the best time to castrate and why?
Less than 3 months
Low stress time in calf’s life
54
0-3 months castration tool
elastrator
55
3-10 months castration tool
berry knife or sterilized knife
56
10+ months castration tool
berry knife
57
Define “ruminant”
4 compartment stomach
58
Name three animals which are considered ruminants.
Goats, sheep, cattle
59
What is the number one advantage of being a ruminant?
Can eat the world’s most abundant organic molecule: cellulose
60
What does the lining of the rumen look like and what is its function?
Looks like shag carpet
Fermentation vat/allows for bacterial and chemical breakdown of fiber
61
What does the lining of the reticulum look like and what is its function?
Looks like honeycomb
Functions in mixing and regurgitation
62
Where do magnets reside in the ruminant’s digestive system and what is the purpose of the magnet?
Reticulum
Captures wires or fine metal material and prevents damage
63
What is the function of the omasum?
Water absorption
64
What is the function of the abomasum?
Very similar to the stomach of non-ruminants
True stomach
