Unit 1 - Observations Flashcards
What is naturalistic observation?
It is done in the participants’ natural environment.
What are the strengths of a naturalistic observation?
Normal, realistic behaviour can be observed, high in validity.
What are the weaknesses of a naturalistic observation?
Lack of control over other factors that may be influencing behaviour, extraneous variables.
What is a controlled observation?
The conditions are contrived by the researcher, e.g. laboratory experiment.
What are the strengths of a controlled observation?
High in reliability.
What are the weaknesses of a controlled observation?
Low ecological validity.
What is a participant observation?
The researcher is involved with those that are being observed.
What are the strengths of a participant observation?
Insider depth into the experience, which gathers in-depth qualitative data.
What are the weaknesses of a participant observation?
Demand characteristics/Social desirability as presence may change the course of the events.
What is a non-participant observation?
The researcher may stand apart from what they’re observing and look from the outside.
What are the strengths of a non-participant observation?
Objective as not influenced by personal feelings or bias.
What are the weaknesses of a non-participant observation?
Not as much detail or insight.
What is a covert observation?
(COVERT - COVER) Those being observed are unaware.
What are the strengths of a covert observation?
Ecologically valid.
What are the weaknesses of a covert observation?
Ethical issues.
