Unit 1 - How Science Works Flashcards
What is the study of cause-and-effect?
= where research can - to any given significance level - show that one factor actually causes a change in behaviour.
What is falsifiability?
= the ability to prove claim wrong.
What is replicability?
= to be able to repeat and therefore support or refute the findings from another piece of research.
What is objectivity?
= when a claim is a matter fact rather than an opinion.
What is induction?
= empirical research is carried out and then a theory is developed to make sense of findings.
What is deduction?
= A theory is developed and then empirical research is carried out to see if the theory is correct.
What is hypothesis testing?
= once a theory has been identified (based on observations,then in scientific inquiry) a hypothesis is formulated and this can be tested in empirical research.
What is manipulation of variables?
= the independent variable is manipulated so we can see the variation in results depending on whether it is or isn’t present.
What are controls?
= imposed on experiments to ensure results are due to independent variable rather than extraneous variables.
What is standardisation?
= test conditions are kept the same for all participants.
What are quantifiable measurements?
= Quantitate data which is observable and objective.
