Unit 1 Flashcards
Standing posture, arms at sides, palms forward
Anatomical position
Above, on top of (head, trunk)
Superior
Below, under (trunk, head)
Inferior
Front, in front of
Anterior
Back, behind
Posterior
Internal
Deep
On the surface
Superficial
Closer to the origin (limbs)
Proximal
Farther from the origin (limbs)
Distal
Toward midline
Medial
Away from midline
Lateral
Between medial and lateral
Intermediate
Same side of body
Ipsilateral
Opposite side of body
Contralateral
Imagining lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections
Anatomical planes
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal plane
Runs horizontally from right to left
Transverse plane
Lies vertically and separates the body into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal plane
Runs within the bony vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord
Vertebral
Surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest; of or relating to the thorax
Thoracic cavity
Relating to or denoting an appendage or appendages
Appendicular
Of or relating to the arm, specifically the upper arm, or an arm like structure
Brachial
Relating to the lower part of the back
Lumbar
Relating to the abdomen; contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
Abdominal
Pertaining to the back of the head
Occipital
The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated
Orbital
Of, on, or relating to the underside of an animal or plant
Ventral
Of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ
Dorsal
Internal chambers that suspend and protect vital organs
Body cavities
Dorsal cavity contains what?
The cranial (brain) and vertebral (spinal cord)
The ventral cavity contains what?
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Chest, heart, trachea, lungs
Thoracic
Stomach area
Abdominopelvic
Upper abdomen (majority of internal organs)
Abdominal
Lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
Pelvic
Maintaining a stable internal environment
Homeostasis
A disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease
Homeostasis imbalance
What are the three homeostasis control mechanisms?
Receptor
Control Center
Effector
Detects problems or changes
Receptor
Takes problem to control center
Afferent pathway
Analyzes information and makes a decision
Control center
Takes decision to effector
Efferent pathway
Carries out instructions and causes change
Effector
The rise in one variable causes a rise in the next; body is trying to increase the stimulus
Positive feedback
The rise in one variable causes a fall in the next; the body is trying to slow or stop the stimulus
Negative feedback
