Final Flashcards
Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls many of the cell’s activities?
Nucleus
Which organelle breaks down compounds into small particles that the cell can use
Lysosome
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus
Ribosome
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
Mitochondrion
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates which materials enter and leave the cell
The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called the
Cell membrane
What is the function of the nucleus
Stores DNA
Controls most of the cell’s processes
Contains the info needed to make proteins
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton
Helps a cell keep its shape
Diffusion is the movement of particles from
An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
Osmosis
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a
Tissue
Which of the following is not a stage of cellular respiration?
Fermentation
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Fermentation
The Krebs cycle produces
Carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce
36 ATP molecules
What is a product of cellular respiration
Water
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
2 ATP molecules
Electron transport chain occurs in the
Mitochondria
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make
ATP
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules
Each with one new strand and one original strand
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
Uracil
Which types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis
Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
What is produced during transcription
RNA molecules
What happens during the process of translation
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
What is the major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport
Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient
Raising your leg out to the side away from the midline
Abduction
Toes toward your tibia
Dorsiflexion
Decreasing the angle of the joint
Flexion
Forward jaw
Protraction
Raising your scapula superior
Elevation
Turn head to side
Rotation
Palms up
Supination
Turning sole of foot to the medial line
Inversion
Achilles
Tendon
Bone to muscle
Tendon
ACL
Ligament
Bone to bone
Ligament
Processes grow out from the bone for things like muscle attachment
Projections
Raised area on or above condyle
Epicondyle
Cavities that indent the bone for blood vessels and nerves to pass
Depressions
Filled with air
Sinus
Canal or tube
Meatus
Large rounded or roughened projection
Tuberosity
Shallow basin
Fossa
Rounded articular projection
Condyle
Narrow ridge of bone
Crest
Sharp, pointed projection
Spine
Bony expansion on narrow neck
Head
Only projection found on the femur
Trochanter
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Facet
Shallow depression
Sulcus, groove, furrow
Small rounded projection
Tubercle
Round or oval opening
Foramen
Armlike bar of bone
Ramus
Narrow, slit-like opening
Fissure
Punch knuckles
Condyloid
Hip
Ball and socket
Neck
Pivot
Shoulder
Ball and socket
Knee
Hinge
Fingers
Hinge
Joint between the tarsus and tibia and fibula
Saddle
Sutures
Fibrous
Limited action
Cartilaginous
No action
Fibrous
Vertebrae
Cartilaginous
Thumb
Synovial
Freely movable
Synovial
Public symphysis
Fibrocartilage
Most abundant cartilage in the body
Hyaline
Ear
Elastic
Epiglottis
Elastic
Voluntary
Skeletal muscle
Non striated
Smooth muscle
Branching cells
Cardiac muscle
Walls of the stomach
Smooth muscle
Moves your eyeballs
Skeletal muscle
Several nuclei/cell
Skeletal muscle
Calcium ions bind to the ________ molecule in skeletal muscle cells
Troponin
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
Actin filaments
The action of lifting a shovel of snow
Load, effort, fulcrum
Tibia-calcaneus joint
Fulcrum, load, effort
Second- class lever
Fulcrum, load, effort
First class lever
Load, fulcrum, effort
Humerus- ulna joint
Load, effort, fulcrum
The sliding filament model of contraction involves
Actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlap
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to
Regulate intracellular calcium concentration
A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called
An agonist
In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the
Triceps brachii acts as antagonist
A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a
Synergist
In skeletal muscle contraction, calcium apparently acts to
Remove the blocking action of tropomyosin
The contractile units of skeletal muscles are
Myofibrils
An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
One functional unit of a skeletal muscle is
A sarcomere
The role of calcium ions in muscle contraction is to
Bind to regulatory sites on troponin, changing the configuration
A sarcomere is
The area between two Z discs
During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to
Lactic acid
Rigor mortis occurs because
No ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
The main general purpose of negative feedback is to
Maintain homeostasis
A structure that is composed of two or tissues would be
An organ
Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent
Sudden severe changes within the body
The condition in which the body maintains a relatively stable internal environment within limits
Homeostasis
The term pollex refers to the
Thumb
Directly causes mechanical motions
Muscular
Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses
Nervous
Blood glucose levels
Negative feedback
Delivering a baby
Positive feedback
Stomach
Abdominopelvic
The elbow is proximal to the shoulder
False
A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function
True
What are the parts of the dorsal cavity
Cranial, vertebral, and spinal
The epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region
True
What is the anatomical position
Arms at sides, thumbs pointed laterally and body erect
