Tissues Flashcards
Group of cells that are similar in structure and function
Tissue
Lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface
Epithelium
Pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat
Muscular
Transmits electrochemical impulses
Nerve
Anchors, packages, and supports body organs
Connective
Cells may absorb, secrete, and filter
Epithelium
Most involved in regulating and controlling body functions
Nervous
Major function is to contact
Muscle
Synthesizes hormones
Nervous
The most durable tissue type
Connective
Abundant nonliving extracellular matrix
Connective
Most widespread tissue in the body
Connective
Forms nerves and the brain
Nervous
What are the five general characteristics of epithelial tissue
Polarity, cellularity, supported by connective tissue, avascularity, and regeneration
On what basis are epithelial tissues classified?
Arrangement or relative number of layers and cell shape
What are the five major functions of epithelium in the body?
Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion
What is example of epithelial protection?
Epithelium covering body surface protects against bacterial invasion
What is example of epithelium absorption?
Epithelium cells specialized to absorb substances; lines the stomach and small intestines
What is an example of epithelium filtration?
In kidney tubules, epithelium filters and absorbs and secretes
What is an example of epithelial excretion?
Sweat is execrated from the body by epithelial cells in sweat glands
What is example of epithelium secretion?
In glands epithelial tissue is specialized to secrete specific chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricating fluid
How does the function of stratified epithelium different from the function of simple epithelia?
Simple means that there’s only one layer of the cells, not as much protection as stratified which indicates several layers of the cells. Stratified epithelium are named according to the cells at the apical surface of the epithelium membrane.
Where is ciliated epithelium found?
The lining of the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract
What role does ciliated epithelium play?
They keep mucus and any other debris’s from entering the lower reaches of lung tissue
How does transitional epithelium differ from other stratified squamous epithelium?
It’s structure is different in that it is rounded or plump
How does the structural difference in transitional epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium support its function?
Transitional epithelium has the ability to slide over one another to allow the organ to be stretched
How did the endocrine and exocrine glands different and structure and function?
Endocrine glands are ductless, and their function is to release hormones into the extracellular fluid where they enter the bloodstream lymphatic vessels. Exocrine glands have ducts and they secrete through the ducts to an epithelial surface
Lining of the esophagus
Stratified squamous
Lining of the stomach
Simple columnar
Alveolar sacs of lungs
Simple squamous
Tubules of the kidney
Simple cuboidal
Epidermis of the skin
Stratified squamous
Lining of bladder, peculiar cells that have the ability to slide over each other
Transitional
Forms the thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells
Simple squamous
What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?
Connected tissues have a rich supply blood vessels, composed of many types of cells, noncellular, nonliving material
What functions are performed by connective tissue?
Protection, support, and bind together tissues
How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in the structure?
Large amount of nonliving matrix seen provides the strength needed to protect the body
Attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones
Dense connective tissue
Acts as a storage depot for fat
Adipose connective tissue
The dermis of the skin
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Makes up the invertebrates discs
Fibrocartilage
Forms the hip bone
Osseous tissue
Composes basement membrane; a soft packaging tissue with the jelly like matrix
Areolar connective tissue
Forms the larynx, the coastal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton
Hyaline cartilage
Provides a flexible framework for the external ear
Elastic cartilage
Firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth
Hyaline cartilage
Matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on
Osseous tissue
Insulates against heat loss
Adipose connective tissue
Why do adipose cells remind people of a ring with a single jewel?
They contain a large fat filled vacuole occupying most of the cell volume. Nucleus is pushed to the periphery, giving the cell a ring appearance
What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons (nerve cells)?
Irritability and conductivity
In what ways are neurons similar to other cells? How are they different?
They contain a nucleus and the usual organelles but their cytoplasm is drawn out
Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body
Neurons conduct impulses over relatively long distances in the body. This is facilitated by their long cytoplasmic extensions
Voluntarily controlled
Skeletal muscle tissue
Involuntarily controlled
Cardiac and smooth muscle tissue
Striated
Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
Has a single nucleus in each cell
Cardiac and smooth muscle tissue
Has several nuclei cell per cell
Skeletal muscle tissue
Found attached to bones
Skeletal muscle tissue
Allows you to direct your eyeballs
Skeletal muscle tissue
Found in the walls of the stomach, uterus, and arteries
Smooth muscle tissue
Contains spindle-shaped cells
Smooth muscle tissue
Contains branching cylindrical cells
Skeletal muscle tissue
Contains long, nonbranching cylindrical cells
Skeletal muscle tissue
Has intercalculated discs
Cardiac muscle tissue
Concerned with the locomotion of the body as a whole
Skeletal muscle tissue
Changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts
Cardiac muscle tissue
Tissue of the heart
Cardiac muscle tissue
The study of tissues
Histology
Three types of cell shapes
Squamous: flattened
Cuboidal: squarish
Columnar: tall (column shaped)
Types of epithelial tissue
Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Stratified squamous Stratified cuboidal
