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Anatomy > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen of a foreign molecule

A

Antibodies “immunoglobulins”

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2
Q

Biggest of all, can’t cross membranes, first released

A

IgM

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3
Q

Present in salvia, mucus, and tears. Keeps pathogens from entering blood

A

IgA

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4
Q

Assist B cells in recognizing pathogens

A

IgD

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5
Q

Most common, smallest, can cross placenta

A

IgG

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6
Q

Binds with allergens, cause release of histamine

A

IgE

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7
Q

Antibodies bind to the pathogens and neutralize them

A

Neutralization

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8
Q

The process of coating a pathogen with antibodies

A

Opsonization

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9
Q

Your immune system attacks healthy cells by mistake

A

Autoimmunity (autoimmune disease)

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10
Q

Inherited genetic mutations. Over 150 different kinds. Lack of functioning B cells

A

PIDD (primary immune deficiency disease)

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11
Q

A severe loss of function of the entire immune system. Caused by a retrovirus (HIV) which destroys helper T cells

A

Acquired immunodeficiency disease

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12
Q

An inaccurate immune system response to something usually harmless like pollen, fur, a particular food or dust. Body releases histamine causing inflammation and construction of smooth muscle

A

Allergies/asthma

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13
Q

Forms mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens and other harmful substances

A

Intact skin epidermis

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14
Q

Skin secretions (perspiration and sebum) make epidermal surface acidic, which inhibits bacterial growth; sebum also contains bacterial chemicals

A

Acid mantle

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15
Q

Provides resistance against acids, alkalis and bacterial enzymes

A

Keratin

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16
Q

Form mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens

A

Intact mucous membranes

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17
Q

Traps microorganisms in respiratory and nasal passages

A

Mucus

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18
Q

Filter and trap microorganisms in nasal passages

A

Nasal hairs

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19
Q

Propel debris- laden mucus away from lower respiratory passages

A

Cilia

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20
Q

Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein digesting enzymes that destroy pathogens in stomach

A

Gastric juice

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21
Q

Inhibits growth of most bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract

A

Acid mantle of vagina

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22
Q

Continuously lubricate and cleanse eyes and oral cavity; contain lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys microorganisms

A

Lacrimal secretion (tears) and saliva

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23
Q

Normally acid PH inhibits bacteria growth; cleanses the lower urinary tract as it flushes from the body

A

Urine

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24
Q

Systemic response initiated by pyrogens; high body temp inhibits microbial multiplication and enhances body repair process

A

Fever

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25
Q

Proteins released by virus infected cells and

certain lymphocytes that protect uninfected tissue cells from viral takeover; mobilize immune system

A

Antimicrobial proteins interferons

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26
Q

Granules of basophils and most cells; released in response to mechanical injury, presence of certain microorganisms and chemicals released by neutrophils

A

Histamine source

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27
Q

Promotes vasodilation of local arterioles; increases permeability of local capillaries, promoting exudare formation

A

Histamine effect

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28
Q

A plasma protein, kininogen, is cleaved by the enzyme kallikrein found in plasma, urine, salvia and in lysosomes of neutrophils and other types of cells; cleavage releases active kinin peptides

A

Kinins source

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29
Q

Same as for histamine; also induce chemotaxis of leukocytes and prompt neutrophils to release lysosomal enzymes, thereby enhancing generation of more kinins; induce pain

A

Kinins effect

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30
Q

Inflammatory chemicals

A

Histamine

Kinins

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31
Q

Protein containing fluid transported by lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

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32
Q

Called lymph and return to veins uses peristalsis, one way valves, and muscle contraction to circulate lymph

A

Lymphatic vessels

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33
Q

Filters the lymph and removes impurities such as carbon, cancer cells, pathogens and dead

A

Lymph nodes

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34
Q

Filters blood for the lymphatic system and stores lymphocytes and macrophages to kill pathogens in blood, removes old red blood cells

A

Spleen

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35
Q

Produces lymph

A

Liver

36
Q

Swollen spleen due to infection

A

Splenomegaly

37
Q

Swollen tonsils due to draining bacterial infection in pharynx

A

Tonsillitis

38
Q

Blockage, radiation scarring, or cancerous lymph vessels/nodes that cause tissue swelling

A

Lymphedema

39
Q

Tropical parasitic worms invade they lymph nodes and block them

A

Filariasis (elephantiasis)

40
Q

Cancer of the lymphatic system)

A

Lymphoma

41
Q

Immune system function

A

Recognize foreign molecules and act to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them

42
Q

Any harmful or disease causing organism

A

Pathogen

43
Q

5 types of pathogens (largest to smallest)

A 
Parasitic worm
Fungi
Protozoa
Bacteria
Virus
44
Q

2 types of defense

A

Innate

Adaptive

45
Q

2 types of adaptive defense

A

Cell mediated immunity

Antibody mediated immunity

46
Q

Uses white blood cells to attack pathogens

A

Cell mediated immunity

47
Q

Produced in thymus

A

T cells

48
Q

Major type of lymphocyte used in cell mediated immunity

A

T cell

49
Q

3 types of cells

A

Helper T
Killer T
Suppressor T

50
Q

Most important type of cell because it coordinates entire adaptive response. It also assists the killer t in identifying pathogens

A

Helper t

51
Q

(Cytotoxic) attacks and kills pathogens

A

Killer T

52
Q

Switched off the immune response

A

Suppressor T

53
Q

Produced in blood plasma

A

B cells

54
Q

What do B cells do?

A

Produce antibodies which tag pathogens for destruction

Creates memory to make immune response more powerful

55
Q

Produced antibodies in the fluids humors of the body (blood, phlegm, and bile)

A

Antibody mediated immunity

56
Q

Markers on foreign molecules invoking an adaptive immune response

A

Antigens

57
Q

Markets that identify the cell as “self” preventing an adaptive immune response

A

Self antigens

58
Q

Specific system with memory that is directed against particular pathogens

A

Adaptive immune system

59
Q

1st line of defense

A 
Surface barriers (skin) 
Digestive system (stomach acid & saliva)
Respiratory system (mucus)
60
Q

2nd line of defense (internal)

A

Phagocytes
Basophils
Inflammation response
Fever response

61
Q

Engulfs/destroys pathogen at site of infection

A

Phagocyte

62
Q

Engulfs cellular debris, foreign substances, bacteria and cancer cells

A

Macrophages

63
Q

Most abundant, engulfs bacteria, they die in process too

A

Neutrophils

64
Q

Defends against parasitic worms by discharging granules on prey

A

Eosinophils

65
Q

Three types of phagocytes

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils

66
Q

Releases histamine in response to allergic reaction

A

Basophils

67
Q

Actively scan the body for cells for “self antigens” no ID badge cells are attacked

A

NK cells

68
Q

This is the body’s 1st line of defense against cancer

A

NK cells

69
Q

Most cells release histamine which causes redness and heat

A

Vasodilation

70
Q

Inflammation response

A

Vasodilation
Vascular permeability
Phagocytes arrive

71
Q

Swelling

A

Vascular permeability

72
Q

The body’s specific defenses against invading pathogens include

A

Killer T cells

73
Q

Another one of the body’s specific defenses against invading pathogens is

A

Antibodies

74
Q

Allowing vascular permeability is a response associated with

A

Inflammation

75
Q

The process of coating a pathogen with antibodies is called

A

Opsonization

76
Q

The body’s nonspecific defenses against pathogens include

A

Fevers

77
Q

This type of defense cell is the first line of defense vs cancer cells as they check cells for antigens to make sure they belong

A

Natural killers

78
Q

An immune response is triggered by an

A

Antigen

79
Q

The inflammatory response can cause

A

Pain, swelling and fever

80
Q

The body’s other nonspecific defense against invading pathogens includes

A

Mucus, sweat and tears

81
Q

This type of lymphocyte creates memory to make the immune response more powerful

A

B cells

82
Q

Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by

A

B cells

83
Q

What cells are involved in nonspecific immunity

A

Neutrophils

84
Q

This cell coordinates the entire adaptive response

A

Helper T

85
Q

Proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of antigen of a foreign molecule are called

A

Immunoglobulin

Anatomy (14 decks)

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