Final Flashcards
The part of the neuron that receives stimuli is called
Dendrite
What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Which category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature
Thermoreceptors
Which general category of sensory receptors detects pain
Nociceptors
Part of the reflex arc that acts as a relay nerve in the central nervous system
Interneuron
Which neurotransmitter stimulates muscle contraction
Acetylcholine
The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the
Synapse
When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of
Neurotransmitters
The term central nervous system refers to the
Brain and spinal cord
Which neurotransmitter decreases perception of pain?
Endorphins
The fight or flight division of the nervous system is the
Sympathetic division
The functional area of the brain that gives meaning to the information the brain receives is the
Association area
What is a function of the cerebrum
Control conscious activities of the body
The part of the brain associated with balance and coordination is the
Cerebellum
The functional area of the brain associated with conscious awareness of sensation is the
Motor areas
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an
Axon
Which general category of sensory receptors detects touch
Mechanoreceptors
The resting and digesting division of the nervous system is the
Parasympathetic division
Which effector is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Skeletal muscle
What is the function of the central nervous system
To relay messages, analyze information, and to process information
What blood type has antibody A and Rh antibody
B-
What is a function of the circulatory system?
Transport materials to fight infections
Which blood cells are most numerous in the body
Red
What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food
Pharynx
When the heart contracts it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the
Arteries
Which pathway is the largest of the circulatory system
Systemic circulation
What is the smallest blood vessel?
Capillaries
A scientist dissecting a mammal removed a large vessel from the mammals hind leg and finds a valve inside the vessel. What type of muscle did the scientist most likely find?
Vein
Maxwell is blood type B- and needs a blood transfusion. Which of the folding blood types can be receive?
O-
Jane is blood type O+ and needs a blood transfusion, what blood type can she safely receive
O+ and O-
What is the main function of cilia on the respiratory system
Prevent dust from entering the lungs
A blood pressure reading of 120/80
Indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120
What blood type has antigen A and Rh antigen
A+
Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins
Are thinner
If Jenny has blood type AB+ she has what antibodies in her plasma
None
What is the air content of the pulmonary artery
Oxygen-poor blood
The valve blood is pushed by as it leaves the right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the
Left atrium
Blood in the pulmonary arteries enters the
Lungs
Blood that leaves the left atrium passes the ________ valve
Bicuspid
Water is extracted from digested food in the body primarily by the
Large intestine
Where does most absorption of food occur
Small intestine
What is the function of the pancreas
To produce insulin and glucagon
Which structure regulates contractions during childbirth
Hypothalamus
Which structure malfunctioned to make Robert Wadlow 8 ft 11 inches
Pituitary
What’s the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion requires the use of enzymes, mechanical digestion does not involve enzymes
Functions of the liver include
Making cholesterol, filtering out harmful things from the blood and storing blood sugar
Why is mechanical digestion important
It increases the surface area of food, allowing chemical digestion to occur more efficiently
Which organs are involved with chemical digestion?
Mouth, pancreas, stomach and small intestine
The endocrine system
Releases hormones into the bloodstream
What is the path food takes through the organs of the digestive system
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
What would not be found in the stomach
Villi
The top layer of the epidermis is made of
Flat, dead cells
From what does the basic structure of hair and nails from?
Keratin
What materials are removed from the blood through dialysis
Urea and excess salts
Where is the type of tissue that provides insulations in mammals found
Subcutaneous layer
During filtration and reabsorption, which of the following particles never leave the bloodstream
Red blood cells
The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and
Remove wastes
The main organs of the excretory system are the
Kidneys
The most important function of the skin is
Protection
A tissue is observed to contain nerve cells, muscle fibers and oil glands. Where is this tissue found?
Dermis
The _____ contains tiny capillaries that feed the cells to make new hair
Papilla
What is not part of a nephron
Urethra
Skin underneath the nail plate
Nail bed
Strong odor from bacterial ingestion
Both
Found on forehead
Eccrine
Pheromones
Apocrine
What produces hormones that regulate metabolism
Thyroid
Which structure produces hormones that regulate pleasure and pain
Pituitary
Which structure produces hormones that affect appetite and memory
Pineal
Which structure regulates the addiction and lust
Pituitary
Which structure releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Which structure regulates the biological clock
Pineal
Which structure produces hormones that create the fight or flight
Adrenal gland
Which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers attach to the homologous pairs
Prophase I
Specialized sex cells are known as
Gametes
In which structure does the fetus develop
Uterus
Which phase of meiosis does the initial cell split to form 2 cells
Cytokinesis I
How many chromosomes are found in a typical human sperm
23
Gametes have
One for allele for each gene
If an organism’s diploid number is 12, it’s haploid number is
6
How many ova do the ovaries usually produce
One between them each month
In which structure do sperm cells grow and mature
The epididymis
A zygote is
Fertilized egg
1n can be substituted for
Haploid
The placenta connects the
Fetus to the mothers uterus
What is the function of the placenta
Providing nutrients to the fetus?
Where does fertilization normally occur
Fallopian tube
The body’s specific defenses against invading pathogens include
Killer T cells and antibodies
Allowing vascular permeability is a response associated with
Inflammation
The process of coating a pathogen with antibodies is called
Opsonization
The body’s nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include
Fevers and mucus, sweat and tears
This type of defense cell is the first line of defense against cancer cells
Natural killers
An immune response is triggered by an
Antigen
This type of lymphocyte creates memory to make the immune response more powerful
B cells
Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by
B cells
Which cell is involved in nonspecific immunity
Neutrophils
These cells coordinate the entire adaptive response
Helper T
The body’s most important non specific defense is
The skin
The type of cells that release histamines are called
Basophils
Proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen of a foreign molecule are called
Immunoglobulins
An example of an autoimmune disease is
Lupus
