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Anatomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the neuron that receives stimuli is called

A

Dendrite

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2
Q

What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Which category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

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4
Q

Which general category of sensory receptors detects pain

A

Nociceptors

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5
Q

Part of the reflex arc that acts as a relay nerve in the central nervous system

A

Interneuron

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6
Q

Which neurotransmitter stimulates muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the

A

Synapse

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8
Q

When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of

A

Neurotransmitters

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9
Q

The term central nervous system refers to the

A

Brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Which neurotransmitter decreases perception of pain?

A

Endorphins

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11
Q

The fight or flight division of the nervous system is the

A

Sympathetic division

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12
Q

The functional area of the brain that gives meaning to the information the brain receives is the

A

Association area

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13
Q

What is a function of the cerebrum

A

Control conscious activities of the body

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14
Q

The part of the brain associated with balance and coordination is the

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

The functional area of the brain associated with conscious awareness of sensation is the

A

Motor areas

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16
Q

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an

A

Axon

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17
Q

Which general category of sensory receptors detects touch

A

Mechanoreceptors

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18
Q

The resting and digesting division of the nervous system is the

A

Parasympathetic division

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19
Q

Which effector is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system

A

Skeletal muscle

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20
Q

What is the function of the central nervous system

A

To relay messages, analyze information, and to process information

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21
Q

What blood type has antibody A and Rh antibody

A

B-

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22
Q

What is a function of the circulatory system?

A

Transport materials to fight infections

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23
Q

Which blood cells are most numerous in the body

A

Red

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24
Q

What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food

A

Pharynx

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25
Q

When the heart contracts it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the

A

Arteries

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26
Q

Which pathway is the largest of the circulatory system

A

Systemic circulation

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27
Q

What is the smallest blood vessel?

A

Capillaries

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28
Q

A scientist dissecting a mammal removed a large vessel from the mammals hind leg and finds a valve inside the vessel. What type of muscle did the scientist most likely find?

A

Vein

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29
Q

Maxwell is blood type B- and needs a blood transfusion. Which of the folding blood types can be receive?

A

O-

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30
Q

Jane is blood type O+ and needs a blood transfusion, what blood type can she safely receive

A

O+ and O-

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31
Q

What is the main function of cilia on the respiratory system

A

Prevent dust from entering the lungs

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32
Q

A blood pressure reading of 120/80

A

Indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120

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33
Q

What blood type has antigen A and Rh antigen

A

A+

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34
Q

Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins

A

Are thinner

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35
Q

If Jenny has blood type AB+ she has what antibodies in her plasma

A

None

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36
Q

What is the air content of the pulmonary artery

A

Oxygen-poor blood

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37
Q

The valve blood is pushed by as it leaves the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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38
Q

Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the

A

Left atrium

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39
Q

Blood in the pulmonary arteries enters the

A

Lungs

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40
Q

Blood that leaves the left atrium passes the ________ valve

A

Bicuspid

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41
Q

Water is extracted from digested food in the body primarily by the

A

Large intestine

42
Q

Where does most absorption of food occur

A

Small intestine

43
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

To produce insulin and glucagon

44
Q

Which structure regulates contractions during childbirth

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Which structure malfunctioned to make Robert Wadlow 8 ft 11 inches

A

Pituitary

46
Q

What’s the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion

A

Chemical digestion requires the use of enzymes, mechanical digestion does not involve enzymes

47
Q

Functions of the liver include

A

Making cholesterol, filtering out harmful things from the blood and storing blood sugar

48
Q

Why is mechanical digestion important

A

It increases the surface area of food, allowing chemical digestion to occur more efficiently

49
Q

Which organs are involved with chemical digestion?

A

Mouth, pancreas, stomach and small intestine

50
Q

The endocrine system

A

Releases hormones into the bloodstream

51
Q

What is the path food takes through the organs of the digestive system

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus

52
Q

What would not be found in the stomach

A

Villi

53
Q

The top layer of the epidermis is made of

A

Flat, dead cells

54
Q

From what does the basic structure of hair and nails from?

A

Keratin

55
Q

What materials are removed from the blood through dialysis

A

Urea and excess salts

56
Q

Where is the type of tissue that provides insulations in mammals found

A

Subcutaneous layer

57
Q

During filtration and reabsorption, which of the following particles never leave the bloodstream

A

Red blood cells

58
Q

The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and

A

Remove wastes

59
Q

The main organs of the excretory system are the

A

Kidneys

60
Q

The most important function of the skin is

A

Protection

61
Q

A tissue is observed to contain nerve cells, muscle fibers and oil glands. Where is this tissue found?

A

Dermis

62
Q

The _____ contains tiny capillaries that feed the cells to make new hair

A

Papilla

63
Q

What is not part of a nephron

A

Urethra

64
Q

Skin underneath the nail plate

A

Nail bed

65
Q

Strong odor from bacterial ingestion

A

Both

66
Q

Found on forehead

A

Eccrine

67
Q

Pheromones

A

Apocrine

68
Q

What produces hormones that regulate metabolism

A

Thyroid

69
Q

Which structure produces hormones that regulate pleasure and pain

A

Pituitary

70
Q

Which structure produces hormones that affect appetite and memory

A

Pineal

71
Q

Which structure regulates the addiction and lust

A

Pituitary

72
Q

Which structure releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

73
Q

Which structure regulates the biological clock

A

Pineal

74
Q

Which structure produces hormones that create the fight or flight

A

Adrenal gland

75
Q

Which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers attach to the homologous pairs

A

Prophase I

76
Q

Specialized sex cells are known as

A

Gametes

77
Q

In which structure does the fetus develop

A

Uterus

78
Q

Which phase of meiosis does the initial cell split to form 2 cells

A

Cytokinesis I

79
Q

How many chromosomes are found in a typical human sperm

A

23

80
Q

Gametes have

A

One for allele for each gene

81
Q

If an organism’s diploid number is 12, it’s haploid number is

A

6

82
Q

How many ova do the ovaries usually produce

A

One between them each month

83
Q

In which structure do sperm cells grow and mature

A

The epididymis

84
Q

A zygote is

A

Fertilized egg

85
Q

1n can be substituted for

A

Haploid

86
Q

The placenta connects the

A

Fetus to the mothers uterus

87
Q

What is the function of the placenta

A

Providing nutrients to the fetus?

88
Q

Where does fertilization normally occur

A

Fallopian tube

89
Q

The body’s specific defenses against invading pathogens include

A

Killer T cells and antibodies

90
Q

Allowing vascular permeability is a response associated with

A

Inflammation

91
Q

The process of coating a pathogen with antibodies is called

A

Opsonization

92
Q

The body’s nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include

A

Fevers and mucus, sweat and tears

93
Q

This type of defense cell is the first line of defense against cancer cells

A

Natural killers

94
Q

An immune response is triggered by an

A

Antigen

95
Q

This type of lymphocyte creates memory to make the immune response more powerful

A

B cells

96
Q

Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by

A

B cells

97
Q

Which cell is involved in nonspecific immunity

A

Neutrophils

98
Q

These cells coordinate the entire adaptive response

A

Helper T

99
Q

The body’s most important non specific defense is

A

The skin

100
Q

The type of cells that release histamines are called

A

Basophils

101
Q

Proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen of a foreign molecule are called

A

Immunoglobulins

102
Q

An example of an autoimmune disease is

A

Lupus

Anatomy (14 decks)

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