Cardiovascular/Respiratory Flashcards
How would the diaphragm change to inhale?
It would flatten and lower
How would the rib cage change to inhale?
The ribs would become further apart
What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory system?
Prevent dust from entering the lungs
In which structure is gas from the atmosphere exchanged with gas from the bloodstream?
Alveoli
A patient is complaining of shortness of breath. A doctor takes a biopsy of the patients lungs tissue and sees that the alveoli are breaking down. Which of the following diagnoses is the most reasonable?
Emphysema
Air enters the respiratory system through the ________
Nostrils
The __________ are covered in a mucous membrane that heats and moistens the air
Nasal sinuses
The _______ connects the nasal cavity with the larynx
Pharynx
The epiglottis stands upright when a person is not swallowing, allowing air to enter the
Larynx
Within the wall of the _______ are cartilaginous rings that prevent the blockage of the airway
Trachea
The bronchial tree consists of branched airways that connect the trachea with the
Alveoli
Connects brainstem to the body. Decreases heart rate
Vagus nerve
Increases heart rate
Accelerator
Initiates the cardiac cycle and is the “pace maker” of the heart
S/A node
Receives signal from S/A node and relays to atria and ventricles
A/V node
What makes the lub sound
A/V valves closing and ventricles contracting
What makes the dub sound
Pulmonary and aortic valves closing
Symptoms of hypotension
Dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, fatigue
Symptoms of hypertension
Blood pressure over 140/90
Signal from s/a to a/v node
P wave
Contraction of ventricles
QRS wave
Ventricles repolarized
T wave
Warms/filters air
Nose
Warms/moisten air and determines voice
Sinus
Common passageway for food, air, and water
Pharynx
Closes over the trachea when swallowing
Epiglottis
Larynx
Voice box
Glottis
Vocal chords
Lined with a mucous membrane
Also known as windpipe
Trachea
Branches of the trachea
Bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Thin walls of smooth muscle
Bronchioles
Air sacs
Site of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange
Alveoli
A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. The amount of functional hemoglobin is too small, and hence the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen is too low
Anemic hypoxia
A condition that occurs when the entire brain is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply, but the deprivation is not total.
Ischemic hypoxia
The inability of cells to take up or utilize oxygen from the bloodstream, despite physiologically normal delivery of oxygen to such cells and tissues
Histotoxic hypoxia
A condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.
Asthma
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
Tuberculosis
A cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke.
Lung cancer
An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system.
Cystic fibrosis
A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Angia
Sound of blood flowing through the heart, due to anything from healthy heart exertion during exercise to a diseased heart valve or other abnormality.
Heart murmur
The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.
Atherosclerosis
An infection of the heart’s inner lining, usually involving inflammation of the heart valves.
Endocarditis
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
Myocardial infarction
Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply.
Stroke
Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow.
Arrhythmia
