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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

An action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought

A

Reflex

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2
Q

Neutral pathway involved in a reflex action

A

Reflex arc

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3
Q

Nerve endings that respond to a stimulus from an internal or external environment

A

Receptor

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4
Q

Carries the message from the sensor to the CNS

A

Sensory neuron

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5
Q

A relay nerve in CNS (some reflects bypass the interneurons others go via 3 or 4 interneurons)

A

Interneuron

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6
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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7
Q

Carries the message from the CNS to the muscle

A

Motor neuron

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8
Q

Contraction

A

Muscle fiber

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9
Q

What do reflexes do?

A

Maintain homeostasis
Carry out automatic actions
Maintain balance and posture

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10
Q

What are examples of maintaining homeostasis

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digestion

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11
Q

Mechanical stimuli such as touch

A

Mechanoreceptors

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12
Q

Chemicals stimuli such as smell and taste

A

Chemoreceptors

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13
Q

Temperature change

A

Thermorecepters

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14
Q

Light, vision

A

Photoreceptors

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15
Q

Pain

A

Nociceptors

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16
Q

Sense of self. Body’s position without sight

A

Proprioceptors

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17
Q

What are the 6 receptor types

A 
Mechanorecepters 
Chemoreceptors 
Thermorecepters 
Photoreceptors 
Nociceptors 
Propioceptors
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18
Q

A junction between neurons

A

Synapse

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19
Q

Chemical message passed from one neuron to another

A

Neurotransmitter

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20
Q

How many neurotransmitters are there

A

50 different types

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21
Q

Some will cause an action potential in the next cell

A

Excitatory

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22
Q

Some will suppress an action potential in the next cell

A

Inhibitory

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23
Q

Stimulates muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholine

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24
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Epinephrine/norepinephrine

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25
Q

Enhances mood and sleep

A

Serotonin

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26
Q

Increased attention and learning ability

A

Dopamine

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27
Q

Decrease perception of pain

A

Endorphins

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28
Q

Anxiety control

A

GABA

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29
Q

Which neurotransmitters are excitatory

A

Acetylcholine
Epinephrine/norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine

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30
Q

Which neurotransmitters are inhibitory

A

Dopamine
Endorphins
GABA

31
Q

The temporary inability to distinguish a particular odor after a prolonged exposure to that airborne compound

A

Olfactory fatigue

32
Q

Your sense of smell

A

Olfactory

33
Q

Fatigue to constant stimulation is a general feature of sensory systems

A

Stimulus adaptation

34
Q

Takes sensory signal to the CNS (brain/spinal cord)

A

Sensory neuron

35
Q

Takes signal from CNS to muscle or gland

A

Motor neuron

36
Q

1 process extending from Soma

A

Unipolar

37
Q

2 process extending from Soma

A

Bipolar

38
Q

Several processes extending from Soma

A

Multipolar

39
Q

Direction from the receptor to CNS

A

Afferent

40
Q

Direction from CNS to effector

A

Efferent

41
Q

The endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells

A

Axon terminals

42
Q

A cell that wraps around the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system

A

Schwann cell

43
Q

The insulating covering of an axon

A

Myelin sheath

44
Q

The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

A

Axon

45
Q

A short extension of a nerve cell

A

Soma

46
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Initiation of voluntary movement

47
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Refinement of voluntary movement

48
Q

Broca’s area

A

Facial neurons, speech

49
Q

Wernickles area

A

Language comprehension

50
Q

Prefrontal areas

A

Problem solving, emotion, complex thought

51
Q

Brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)

A

Involuntary activities

52
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance, coordination

53
Q

Motor areas

A

Voluntary movement

54
Q

Sensory areas

A

Conscious awareness of sensation

55
Q

Association areas

A

Gives meaning to the info the brain receives

56
Q

Multimodal association

A

Uses multiple association areas to interpret information

57
Q

Each hemisphere is

A

Concerned with the opposite side of the body

58
Q

Somatic association

A

Processing of multisensory info

59
Q

How many pair of nerves branch off the spinal cord

A

31

60
Q

How many cervical

A

8

61
Q

How many thoracic

A

12

62
Q

How many lumbar

A

5

63
Q

How many sacral

A

5

64
Q

How many coccygeal

A

1

65
Q

Gathered information from a stimulus

A

Sensory input

66
Q

Responds by activating muscle and glands

A

Motor output

67
Q

Receives, processes and sends info to and from the peripheral nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord (CNS)

68
Q

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system

69
Q

Somatic skeletal nervous system

A

Muscle movements/reflexes

70
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary functions

71
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

72
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

73
Q

Sympathetic division signs of arousal

A 
Pupils dilate
Salvation decreases
Skin perspires 
Respiration increases
Heart accelerates 
Digestion inhibits 
Adrenal glands secrete stress hormones
74
Q

Parasympathetic Division signs of calming

A 
Salvation increases 
Skin dries out 
Respiration decreases 
Heart slows 
Digestion activates 
Adrenal Glands decrease secretion of stress hormones

Anatomy (14 decks)

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