Understanding the Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • layer of serous membrane
  • comprising connective tissue and squamous epithelium which lines the abdominal cavity
  • has 2 parts parietal and visceral peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the peritoneum adhere to and is it the parietal of visceral peritoneum?

A
  • anterior and posterior abdominal walls
  • undersurface of the diaphragm
  • cavity of the pelvis
  • this is the parietal peritoneum (red in image)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of tissue lines the outside of the parietal peritoneum?

A
  • loose areola tissue
  • dense fibrous tissue
  • fat
  • all closely related to deep layer of abdominal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the name of the cells, and the cell type of the peritoneum?

A
  • mesothelial cells
  • composed of simple squamous epithelial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the visceral peritoneum line, and what type of cells is this composed of?

A
  • surrounds organs of the GIT
  • it is an extension of the parietal pleura
  • simple sqaumous epithelial cells called mesothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the visceral peritoneum line, and does it surround all organs in the GIT?

A
  • no, does not surround more mobile organs
  • moves around the SI and LI, fusing at back of them
  • fusing begind the SI and LI forms the mesentary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nervse innervate the parietal peritoneum and what are they able to sense?

A
  • L2-L4
  • somatic so are sensitive to everything
  • pain is well localised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What nervse innervate the visceral peritoneum and what are they able to sense?

A
  • visceral nerves
  • stretch receptors only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do the parietal and visceral peritoneum originate from the ecoderm, mesoderm or the endoderm in embryological development?

A
  • formed of connective tissue
  • all connective tissue comes from the mesoderm
  • derive from the somatic mesoderm in the embryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does the GIT originate from the ecoderm, mesoderm or the endoderm in embryological development?

A
  • endoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does mesentrary mean?

A
  • a double fold of the peritoneum
  • attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In addition to providing support and attaching organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen, what else does the mesentary create?

A
  • support ligaments for the stomach (gastrosplenic ligament)
  • support ligaments for the spleen (lienorenal ligament)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ventrally what else does the mesentary create?

A
  • ligaments around the liver
  • falciform ligament
  • lesser omentum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Intraperitoneal?

A
  • intra = inside the peritoneum
  • completely wrapped in peritoneum
  • peritoneal folds form mesenterys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is retroperitoneal?

A
  • retro means outside of peritoneum
  • the anterior aspect of retroperitoneal organs attach to peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal organs more mobile?

A
  • intraperitoneal are generally more mobile
  • like the small intestines they can be moved easily in surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the S stand for?

A
  • Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the A stand for?

A
  • Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the D stand for?

A
  • duodenum (except for the first part)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the P stand for?

A
  • pancreas
  • except for the tail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the U stand for?

A
  • ureters
  • tube carrying urine from kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the C stand for?

A

Colon

  • ascending and descending parts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the K stand for?

A
  • kidneys
24
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the E stand for?

A
  • Esophagus
25
Q

SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the R stand for?

A
  • rectum
26
Q

The peritoneal cavity has two areas called sacs, what are their names?

A
  • lesser sac (behind stomach)
  • greater sac
27
Q

What is the omenta in the GIT?

A
  • fused peritoneal folds
  • they attach the abdominal organs with one another
28
Q

How many omentum are present in the GIT, and what are their names?

A
  • lesser omentum
  • greater omentum
29
Q

What do the lesser and greater omentum both attach to in the GIT?

A
  • stomach
  • lesser is superior
  • greater is inferior
30
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach together in the GIT?

A
  • stomach
  • liver
  • can be divided into hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
31
Q

What does the greater omentum attach together in the GIT?

A
  • greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon
  • lies over the infracolic compartment
  • descrinbed as the policeman or an apron of the abdomen
  • freely moveable and protect other organs from inflamed or diseased organs
32
Q

The peritoneal cavity includes the greater lesser sacs. The greater sac can be subdivided into the Supra and Inferior colic compartments. What is the dividing line for these compartments?

A
  • mesentary attaching transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
  • this mesentary is called the mesocolon
33
Q

What is contained within the Supra colic compartment of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • most of the foregut
  • stomach
  • liver and biliary tree
  • pancreas
  • spleen
34
Q

What is superior border of the Supra colic compartment of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • diaphragm
  • costal margin
35
Q

The greater momentum contains a number of things to supply and insulate the organs in that area. What are these contents?

A
  • blood vessels
  • fat
  • lymphatics
36
Q

Where is the lesser sac within the Supra colic compartment of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum
  • functions by allowing the stomach to move freely against the structures posterior and inferior to it
37
Q

The greater and lesser sacs of the supra colic compartment are able to communicate via what?

A
  • epiploic foramen
  • ep-ee-plow-ic
38
Q

The epiploic foramen is the communication between the greater and lesser sacs of the supra colic compartment. Why can this be surgically important?

A
  • if liver bleeds a clamp can be placed here
  • stops blood leaking into both sacs
39
Q

Is the supracolic and infracolic compartments larger?

A
  • infracolic
40
Q

The infra-colic compartment has 2 gutters running either side of it, what are these called?

A
  • left and right para colic gutters
  • either side of the ascending (right) and descending (left) colon
41
Q

Where does the right para colic gutter run?

A
  • crosses betwee the supra and Infra-colic compartment
  • up to right kidney
  • undersurface right lobe of liver – (recess called the hepato-renal pouch)
  • lateral to ascending colon and caecum to pelvic cavity
42
Q

Where does the left para colic gutter run?

A
  • left side of transverse mesocolon
  • lateral to descending colon and base of sigmoid mesocolon
  • runs to pelvic cavity
43
Q

The infra-colic compartment of the greater sac can be further subdivided into the left and right intracolic compartments. What divides left from right intracolic compartments?

A
  • root of small intestines mesentery attached to posterior abdominal wall
44
Q

The infra-colic compartment of the greater sac can be further subdivided into the left and right intracolic compartments. What is included within the right intracolic compartment?

A
  • small intestines
  • ascending colon
45
Q

The infra-colic compartment of the greater sac can be further subdivided into the left and right intracolic compartments. What is included within the left intracolic compartment?

A
  • larger than the right
  • descedning colon
  • transverse colon
46
Q

What is the vesico-uterine pouch that is formed by reflections of the peritoneum?

A
  • bladder and uterus in females
  • fluid can collect here causing abscess formartoon
  • abscess (pus formation) can form bulges that can be palpated
47
Q

What is the recto-uterine pouch that is formed by reflections of the peritoneum?

A
  • pouch between uterus and rectum
  • abscess (pus formation) can form bulges that can be palpated
48
Q

What is the recto-vesical pouch that is formed by reflections of the peritoneum?

A
  • pounch between bladder and rectum
  • abscess (pus formation) can form bulges that can be palpated
49
Q

How does the peritoneum contribute to immune function?

A
  • contains phagocytes to protect viscera
  • mesothelial cells transform to fibroblasts for healing
  • greater omentum physically protects (like an apron)
50
Q

What is peritonitis?

A
  • inflammation of the peritoneum
  • common
51
Q

How does appendicites cause peritonitis?

A
  • appendix bursts
  • contents infect peritoneum
  • greater omentum tries to encompass this
52
Q

What is Peritoneal Malignancy?

A
  • cancer that has spread to the peritoneum
53
Q

There are some therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat the peritoneum. What is intraperitoneal chemotherapy?

A
  • chemotherapy delivered directly into the peritoneum
54
Q

There are some therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat the peritoneum. What is peritoneal dialysis?

A
  • dialysis uses peritoneum as a membrane
  • fluid and substances can dissolve through peritoneum into blood
  • can remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems, and remove toxins in those with kidney failure
55
Q

There are some therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat the peritoneum. What is peritoneal-venous shunts?

A
  • peritoneal fluid is drained into veins using a 1 way valve
  • can be used in patients with refractory ascites