Understanding the Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
- layer of serous membrane
- comprising connective tissue and squamous epithelium which lines the abdominal cavity
- has 2 parts parietal and visceral peritoneum
What does the peritoneum adhere to and is it the parietal of visceral peritoneum?
- anterior and posterior abdominal walls
- undersurface of the diaphragm
- cavity of the pelvis
- this is the parietal peritoneum (red in image)
What type of tissue lines the outside of the parietal peritoneum?
- loose areola tissue
- dense fibrous tissue
- fat
- all closely related to deep layer of abdominal muscles
What is the name of the cells, and the cell type of the peritoneum?
- mesothelial cells
- composed of simple squamous epithelial
Where does the visceral peritoneum line, and what type of cells is this composed of?
- surrounds organs of the GIT
- it is an extension of the parietal pleura
- simple sqaumous epithelial cells called mesothelium
Where does the visceral peritoneum line, and does it surround all organs in the GIT?
- no, does not surround more mobile organs
- moves around the SI and LI, fusing at back of them
- fusing begind the SI and LI forms the mesentary
What nervse innervate the parietal peritoneum and what are they able to sense?
- L2-L4
- somatic so are sensitive to everything
- pain is well localised
What nervse innervate the visceral peritoneum and what are they able to sense?
- visceral nerves
- stretch receptors only
Do the parietal and visceral peritoneum originate from the ecoderm, mesoderm or the endoderm in embryological development?
- formed of connective tissue
- all connective tissue comes from the mesoderm
- derive from the somatic mesoderm in the embryo
Does the GIT originate from the ecoderm, mesoderm or the endoderm in embryological development?
- endoderm
What does mesentrary mean?
- a double fold of the peritoneum
- attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
In addition to providing support and attaching organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen, what else does the mesentary create?
- support ligaments for the stomach (gastrosplenic ligament)
- support ligaments for the spleen (lienorenal ligament)
Ventrally what else does the mesentary create?
- ligaments around the liver
- falciform ligament
- lesser omentum
What is Intraperitoneal?
- intra = inside the peritoneum
- completely wrapped in peritoneum
- peritoneal folds form mesenterys
What is retroperitoneal?
- retro means outside of peritoneum
- the anterior aspect of retroperitoneal organs attach to peritoneum
Are retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal organs more mobile?
- intraperitoneal are generally more mobile
- like the small intestines they can be moved easily in surgery
SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the S stand for?
- Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the A stand for?
- Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the D stand for?
- duodenum (except for the first part)
SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the P stand for?
- pancreas
- except for the tail
SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the U stand for?
- ureters
- tube carrying urine from kidneys
SAD PUCKER can be used to remeber organs that are classed as retroperitoneal. What does the C stand for?
Colon
- ascending and descending parts