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Year 1 NME > Ageing and Stages > Flashcards

Ageing and Stages Flashcards

1
Q

What are macro nutrients?

A
  • fat, proteins and carbohydrates
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2
Q

What are micro nutrients?

A
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • trace elements
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3
Q

What is the eat well plate?

A
  • NHS guide to what should be eaten each day
  • includes what makes up a healthy balance diet
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4
Q

What are the 5 components that make up the eat well plate?

A

1 - fruit and vegetables

2 - dairy

3 - carbohydrates

4 - Protein

5 - Fat

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5
Q

What are some basic foods contain fruit and vegetables, where micro nutrients and fibre can be consumed?

A
  • all fruit and vegetables are included except potatoes
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6
Q

What portion of the eat well plate should be covered by fruit and vegetables?

A
  • 1/3 of the plate
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7
Q

Carbohydrates are a part of the eat well plate, what proportion of the eat well plate should carbohydrates make up?

A
  • 1/3
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8
Q

Carbohydrates should make up a 1/3 of the eat well plate. Carbohydrates is the umbrealla term, what are the 3 main subtypes of carbohydrates?

A
  • polysaccharides
  • disaccharides
  • monosaccharides
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9
Q

If we consume too many carbohydrates what does our body store them as, and what hormone is involved?

A
  • adipose tissue
  • insulin
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10
Q

How much of the eat well plate should protein make up?

A
  • aprox 1/6th or 15%
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11
Q

Is the body able to store protein that is not being used?

A
  • no
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12
Q

What is the main function of protein?

A
  • growth and repair
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13
Q

What does the amount of protein depend on in each individual?

A
  • age
  • gender
  • activity level
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14
Q

What is milk and dairy a subset of?

A
  • protein
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15
Q

What is the highest source of carolies, but the smallest section on the eat well plate?

A
  • fat
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16
Q

What type of fat is recommended as part of the eat well plate?

A
  • unsaturated
  • mono and polyunsaturated
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17
Q

Why are mono and polyunsaturated fats call poly and mono?

A
  • relates to number of double bonds in cis formation
  • mono = 1
  • poly = multiple
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18
Q

What does saturdated mean in fat, and is it likely to be lquid or solid at room temperature?

A
  • full complement of carbons as in its saturated
  • align in a linear formation and are solid
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19
Q

What do mono and polyunsaturates fats contain at least one of?

A
  • double bond
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20
Q

What does cis and trans formation mean in fats?

A
  • cis means H+ and C are on same side of double bond
  • trans means H+ are on opposite hands
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21
Q

What is the main lipoprotein in the endogenous cholesterol pathyway that unsaturated fats help reduce?

A
  • LDL
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22
Q

As we age, generall beyond 30 years old, do we need more of fewer calories?

A
  • less, but only slighly
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23
Q

What is one of the main roles of micronutrients in the body at the cellular pathway level?

A
  • co-enzyme in metabolic pathways
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24
Q

What are the 4 most important fat soluble vitamins?

A
  • ADEK
  • Vitamins A, D, E and K
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25
Q

What are the 4 most important water soluble vitamins?

A
  • C
  • B1
  • B12
  • folate
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26
Q

What are the 4 selected minerals that we need to know about?

A
  • calcium
  • iron
  • sodium
  • potassium
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27
Q

Is the body able to store fat and water soluble vitamins?

A
  • fat soluble = yes
  • water soluble = no
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28
Q

What are the 2 main functions in the body that Vitamin A contributes towards?

A
  • immune system
  • dim light vision
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29
Q

What are some common foods that Vitamin A can be found in?

A
  • liver products
  • fish
  • dairy
  • leafy vegetables
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30
Q

What is the most important function of vitamin D in the body?

A
  • bone mineralisation
  • calcium absorption and excretion
31
Q

What are some foods that vitamin D is high in?

A
  • oily fish
  • fortified cereals
  • eggs
  • liver
32
Q

What time of the year are vitamin D supplements a good idea in those who struggle to get sufficient levels in their diets?

A
  • autumn
  • winter
33
Q

What is the main functional role of vitamin E in the body?

A
  • involved in DNA synthesis
  • immune function
34
Q

What are some foods where vitamin E levels are high?

A
  • nuts and seeds
  • plant oils
35
Q

What is the main function of vitamin K in the body?

A
  • blood clotting
36
Q

What foods in the body have high levels of vitamin K?

A
  • green leafy vegetables
  • eggs
37
Q

What are a few of the main funtions of vitamin C in the body?

A
  • anti-oxidation
  • metabolism
  • absorption of minerals
38
Q

What are a few foods that have a high level of vitamin C?

A
  • citrus fruits
  • broccoli
  • sprouts
39
Q

What are a few of the main funtions of vitamin B in the body?

A
  • breakdown energy and release for nerves
  • RBCs production
  • DNA synthesis
40
Q

What are the 3 different types of B vitamins?

A
  • B1
  • B12
  • folate
41
Q

What are a few foods with high vitamin B in the body?

A
  • peas/pulses
  • meats
  • vegetables
42
Q

Calcium is a mineral that we consume in the diet, what are a few key functions of caclium in the body?

A
  • bone stucture
  • cell membrane voltage
  • blood clotting
  • muscle contractions
43
Q

What are a few foods with a high calcium content?

A
  • dairy
  • green leafy vegetables
  • fish if bones are eaten
44
Q

Sodium is classed as mineral, what are some of the functions of sodium in the body?

A
  • maintain membrane potential and contraction
  • maintain osmosis and pH in body
45
Q

What are some foods with a high sodium content?

A
  • processed foods
  • cereals
  • cheese
46
Q

What is too much sodium in the blood bad for?

A
  • hypertension
  • heart attacks
47
Q

Iron is classed as mineral, what are some of the functions of iron in the body?

A
  • carry O2 on RBCs
  • store O2 in myoglobulin
48
Q

Iron is classed as mineral, what are some foods high in iron in the body?

A
  • green leafy vegetables
  • red meat
  • beans
49
Q

Potassium is classed as mineral, what are some of the functions of postassium in the body?

A
  • membrane potentials and contractions
  • maintain osmolarity in the body
50
Q

Potassium is classed as mineral, what are some foods with a high potassium level in the body?

A
  • bananas
  • vegetables
  • nuts
51
Q

What are a few dietayr considerations durnig pregnancy?

A
  • healthy weight
  • alcohol levels
  • calcium intake
  • food hygiene
52
Q

Can vegan diets be suitable during pregnancy?

A
  • yes
  • BUT increased risk of B12 deficiency
  • low intake of DHA (omega 3)
53
Q

Why is diet important in relation to breast feeding?

A
  • breast milk will have traces of mums diets
54
Q

Breastfeeding provides the most nutrients for the baby, what percentage of women stop breastfeeding earlier than they want to?

A
  • 80%
55
Q

In the first year of life what can health inequalities cause?

A
  • poorer health
56
Q

How long is breast feeding recommened for?

A
  • until baby is 6 months old
57
Q

What is weaning in babies?

A
  • begin to stop breast feeding
  • provide baby with some solid foods
58
Q

Should babies younger than 1 be given cows milk?

A
  • no
  • iron content is too high
59
Q

What fat soluble vitamin should infants take?

A
  • vitamin D
60
Q

What is neophobia?

A
  • fear of new foods
61
Q

What is the contamination fear?

A
  • if certain foods are touching, the child might not eat either as they dont like one of them
62
Q

What is the digust fear?

A
  • children once enjoyed a specific food
  • then stop liking it all together
63
Q

What is the most common oral disease affecting children?

A
  • tooth decay
64
Q

At what age does the eat well plate apply to children?

A
  • >2 years old
65
Q

Children should be given vitamins to help with their developement between the ages of 6 months and 5 years old. What vitamins should they be given?

A
  • A, C and D
  • should be given every day
66
Q

Why do energy requirements shoot up in children?

A
  • during growth spurts
67
Q

Are vegetarian diets suitable for all ages?

A
  • yes
68
Q

What is the definition of a vegetarian diet?

A
  • diet of grains, pulses, nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruits
69
Q

What is the definition of a vegan diet?

A
  • the exclusion of all animal products and flesh
  • milk, honey and eggs are examples
70
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A
  • minimum energy required to maintain cellular function
71
Q

In later life men and womens kcals reduces slighlty, should their intake of vitamins and minerals reduce?

A
  • no
72
Q

What 2 things can help reduce menopausal symptoms?

A
  • reduced weight
  • increased physical activity
73
Q

Is eating for health just healthy eating?

A
  • no
  • contributes to a patients health
74
Q
A

Year 1 NME (61 decks)

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