GIT Anatomy Revision Flashcards
What are the 3 salivary glands in the oral cavity?
1 - sublinguinal glands
2 - submandibular glands
3 - parotid glands

What are the 3 salivary glands in the oral cavity?
1 - sublinguinal glands
2 - submandibular glands
3 - parotid glands

What % of salive do the the 3 salivary glands in the oral cavity contribute towards total saliva?
1 - sublinguinal glands - 5%
2 - submandibular glands - 70%
3 - parotid glands - 25%
Of the 3 salivary glands, sublinguinal glands, submandibular glands and parotid glands, which nerve innervates the parotid glands?
- glossopharyngeal nerve

Of the 3 salivary glands, sublinguinal glands, submandibular glands and parotid glands, which nerve innervates the sublinguinal and submandibular glands?
- facial nerves

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?
1 - oral phase
2 - pharyngeal phase
3 - oesophageal phase
Of the 3 phases of swallowing oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal phase, which is the only voluntary phase?
- swallowing phase
What is the anatomical landmark used to determine the upper from lower aspects of the GIT?
- suspensory muscle of the duodenum
- also known as the ligament of Treitz

The suspensory muscle of the duodenum, also known as the ligament of Treitz is the anatomical landmark used to determine the upper from lower aspects of the GIT. Where does this attach and what is the importance of this muscle/ligament?
- attaches at the duodenojejunal flexure and celiac artery
- contracts and increases area for chyme movement helping motility
- marks transition from foregut to the midgut

What are the 4 layers of the GIT?
1 - mucosa
2 - submucosa
3 - muscularis propria
4 - serous

The mucosa is the first layer of the GIT. What 3 makes up the mucosa?
1 - epithelium
2 - lamina propria
3 - muscularis mucosae

What are the 2 plexi of the GIT wall?
1 - submucosa plexus (secretions and blood flow)
2 - myenteric plexus (peristalsis)

What is the role of the sub muscularis?
- contract and make mucosa fold
- increases surface area of GIT

What is intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of motility in the GIT?
- intrinsic = enteric nervous system
- extrinsic = autonomic control
There are 2 types of motility in the small intestines, segmentation and peristalsis. Which is responsible for mixing and which is responsible for chyme motility?
- segmentation = mixing
- peristalsis = motility

In the GIT what does bi-directional flux refer to?
- fluid and secretions being released into the GIT
- then reabsorbed by the GIT (aprox 99%)
Which exocrine cells in the gastric pits of the stomach are responsible for secretion of HCl and intrinsic factor (B12 binding)?
- parietal cells
Which exocrine cells in the gastric pits of the stomach are responsible for secretion of gastric enzymes pepsinogen and gastric lipase?
- chief cells
Which endocrine cells in the gastric pits of the stomach are responsible for secretion of gastrin?
- G cells
- G for Gastrin
Which endocrine cells in the gastric pits of the stomach are responsible for secretion of somatostatin?
- D cells
Which endocrine cells in the gastric pits of the stomach are responsible for secretion of histamine?
- enterochrommafin like cells
In the small intestines which cells secrete mucus?
- goblet cells
In one cell in the small intestines is able to secrete cholecystakinin, secretin and glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide?
- enteroendocrine cells

In the small intestines which cell differentiates from daughter cells and then migrates downwards below the stem cells? These cells also secrete antimicrobial lysosomes.
- paneth cells
- migrate down to protect the stem cells






