Contents of the Abdomen Flashcards
What are the 3 main components of the GIT above the diapgrahm?
1 - oral cavity
2 - pharynx
3 - oesophagus
What are the 3 main components of the GIT below the diapgrahm?
1 - stomach
2 - small intestines
3 - large intestines
What are the 4 main components of the oral cavity?
1 - teeth (mechanical digestion)
2 - palate (blocks nasal cavity and swallowing)
3 - tongue (mixing of food and swallowing)
4 - salivary glands (secretion of saliva and digestion)
What is the main function of the oesophagus?
- direct food to lower GI
When dividing the abdoment into quatres, what anatomical land mark would you use?
- umbilicus (belly button)
What lies within the upper right quadrant if we divide the abdomen into quatres from the umbilicus?
- right lobe of the liver
- gall bladder
- duodenum (first part of SI)
- head of Pancreas
- hepatic flexure of colon
- small part of ascending and transverse colon
What lies within the upper left quadrant if we divide the abdomen into quatres from the umbilicus?
- stomach
- spleen
- left lobe of liver
- body of pancreas
- splenic flexure of colon
- part of transverse and descending colon
What lies within the lower left quadrant if we divide the abdomen into quatres from the umbilicus?
- small intestine
- descending colon
- sigmoid Colon
What lies within the lower right quadrant if we divide the abdomen into quatres from the umbilicus?
- cecum
- appendix
- ascending colon
- small intestine
What are the 3 cavities anteriorly?
1 - pelvic
2 - abdomen
3 - pelvic
What are the borders of the abdominal cavity?
- costal margin-superior
- hip bones-inferior
- lumbar vertebrae-posterior
- abdominal muscles-anterolateral
What are the 5 layers that make up the anterolateral wall of the abdomen?
1 - skin
2 - superficial fascia
3 - muscles
4 - deep fascia
5 - peritoneum (parietal and visceral)
What is aponeurosis?
- connective tissue
- provides point for muscle to attach to bone or cartilage
What are the 4 layers of the abdominal muscle wall?
1 - external obliques
2 - internal obliques
3 - transverse abdominas
4 - rectus abdominas
What is the function of the external oblique muscles abdominal muscle wall?
- work with internal obliques
- movement of the trunk
What direction do the external oblique muscles of the abdominal muscle wall run?
- run down towards front pockets]
- like putting hands in the pockets
If we move laterally to medial on the abdominal wall, what do the external obliques become instead of just muscle?
- turn into tough, leathery aponeurotic fibres
Below the external oblqiue muscles, what is the next layer muscle we come across/
- internal oblqiues
What direction do the internal oblique muscles of the abdomne run?
- downwards and backwads
- appears like putting your hand in your back pockets
What is the movement the internal obliques facilitate?
- flexion and rotation of the trunk
- compresses the viscera
What is the function of the transverse abdominas?
- compresses and supports viscera
What direction do the transverse abdominas muscle run in?
- laterally
What do the aponeurotic tissues of the internal obliques and transverse abdominas eventually cover?
- rectus abdominas
What is the most outer layer of the abdominal muscle wall?
- rectus abdominas
What action does the rectus abdominas facilitate?
- flexus the trunk
Why do the abdominal muscles run in different ways?
- help provide tough layer
- help with movement
What is the rectus sheath on the rectus abdominis?
- a aponeurotic tendon sheath
- encloses rectus abdominis
- it extends from abdominal muscles below rectus abdominis
Weakness of the abdominal wall can cause a very type of pain, what pain is this?
- lower back pain
What is a hernia?
- weakness of abdominal wall
- internal organs can push through abdominal wall
What is rectus diastasis?
- weakening of the abdominal muscles
What is the main artery that supplies the foregut?
- coeliac artery
What is the main artery that supplies the midgut?
- superior mesentric artery
What is the main artery that supplies the hindgut?
- inferior mesenteric artery