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545 > ultrasound > Flashcards

ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

T/F US must be absorbed by tissue for effect

A

t

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2
Q

T/f ultrasound is preferential absorbed by tissues with lower protein content

A

false - HIGHER

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3
Q

is ultrasound better absorbed by blood or bone

A

bone cus higher protein content

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4
Q

is 1 or 3 Mhz better for deep

A

1

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5
Q

is 1 or 3 MHz better for superficial

A

3

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6
Q

biophysical effects of ultrasound

A

thermal

non-thermal

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7
Q

the resting ____ causes heating from US

A

molecular friction

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8
Q

temperature increase from thermal US depends on

A

amount of energy applied
frequency of sound wave
type of tissue
duration

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9
Q

T/F 3 Mhz heats faster than 1

A

yes but more shallow

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10
Q

vigorous heating at ___ fora atlas 5 minute may increase extensibitly of joints, legs, scar and cause vasodilation

A

40-45C

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11
Q

T/F vigorous heating will provoke inflammatory reaction helpful in tissue healing

A

T

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12
Q

temps > 45 are destructive

A

true

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13
Q

effects of mild heating

A 
reduce pain, mm spasm 
promote healing
alter nerve conduction velocity 
vasodilation 
increase activity
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14
Q

T/F US is a good way to heat near bone or joint

A

yea if the area is small

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15
Q

what risk of US tho

A

overheating cus periosteum can’t dissipate heat quickly so keeper moving

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16
Q

Thermal US for

A

pain relief
decrease joint stiffness
improve blood flow
promote tissue healing

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17
Q

non thermal ultrasound. mechanisms

A

cavitation (stable and unstable)
acoustic streaming
standing wave
micromassage

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18
Q

cavitation

A

tiny bubbles. stable or unstable.

stable might be good but unstable are mad

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19
Q

stable cavitation

A

bubbles form then oscillate, they might help in acoustic streaming

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20
Q

unstable cavitation

A

bubbles do large increase and decrease in volume and implode
could cause damage

21
Q

acoustic streaming

A 
unidirectional 
flow around stable bubbles
alters NA permeabiltiy
influx of Ca 
accelerate tissue repair
22
Q

problem with cavitation studies

A

in vitro

23
Q

standing waves

A

tissues isn’t homo so its unlikely these dangerous waves happen plus you’re moving the head

high intensity energy

24
Q

micromassage

A

caused by waves of compression
causes pressure differences
thought to reduce edema

25
Q

non thermal effects of US

A

increased membrane permeability
stimulation of protein synthesis
improve scar tissue

26
Q

how does US optimize inflammation

A

releases wound healing factors

27
Q

t/f US augments tensile strength

A

t

28
Q

joule calcuation (total energy)

A

w/cm2 x cm2 x SECONDS

29
Q

phase of healing impacts US type

A

inflam - low dose
prolif - higher
remodelling - higher

30
Q

whats most important factor in US

A

total energy given

31
Q

energy determinants

A 
intensity
continuous or pulsed
frequency 
size of area
duration 
treatments
32
Q

when do you use low dose

A

acute inflammatory phase

33
Q

when do you use high dose

A

chronic , after first stage of healing

34
Q

shorter duration for acute or chronic

A

acute

35
Q

total energy depends on

A

intensity and duration

36
Q

frequency of US

A

acute conditions daily

chronic alternate days at higher dose

37
Q

how to record US

A

Watts, pulsed, hertz, time, where

38
Q

indications for US

A

pain

39
Q

contraindications for ultrasound

A 
ab if preg
lamigancy
heemoraphage
haemophilia
active DVT
eyes
anyeror neck
40
Q

can you US metals

A

ok if using pulses b ut not over pacemaker or other implants

41
Q

precautions US

A

SC or superficial nervs
regenerating vernces
epiphyseal plate is unfused

42
Q

dosage depends on

A

nature of problem (acute, sub or chronic)
tissue
depth
size

43
Q

LIPUS

A

low intensity pulsed US

might help with fractures, teeth and cartilage

44
Q

does LIPUS help in fracture healing

A

yes but its not he equipment used in clinic

45
Q

intensity for acute

A

.1-.3

46
Q

intensity fo sub acute

A

.2-.5

47
Q

intensity for chronic

A

.3-1

48
Q

treatment time

A

1 x # of heads x pulse factors

49
Q

how to determine pulse factors

A

add the ratio together

545 (34 decks)

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