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545 > Intro Electro > Flashcards

Intro Electro Flashcards

1
Q

conduction flows in ____, convection flows in ____

A

conductors

fluids or gases

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2
Q

Current recorded as

A

I, amperes

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3
Q

Postive ions =

are attracted to ____ which are

A

cations, cathode, negative

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4
Q

Negative ions =

attracted to__, which are

A

anions, anode, positive

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5
Q

T/F current flows pos to neg

A

no both directions

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6
Q

coulomb

A

charge carried by ampere for one second

basic unit of measured charge

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7
Q

ampere or amp

A

rate of flow of current

measures current intensity

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8
Q

volt

A

energy difference between two physical points

inert needed to move a coulomb between 2 points

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9
Q

Resistance measured in

A

ohms

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10
Q

Ohms Law

A

voltage related to resistance and current

Voltage = current x resistance

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11
Q

Watt

A

rate of converting energy (power)

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12
Q

Is skin homogenous

A

no

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13
Q

Why dry epidermis impede electric current

A

Ohmic resistance
capacitive reactance
inductive reactance

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14
Q

Skin resistance depends on

A

dry or wet
warm or cold
pulse duration
current intensity

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15
Q

impedance

A

resistance

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16
Q

Impedance inc or dec electrode off the skin

A

increase

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17
Q

in practice do we use constant voltage or current

A

voltage

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18
Q

Biological effects of applied electrical charges

A

Electrochemical (new compounds)
electrophysical (stimulate)
electrothermal (heat)
cellular signalling (cell behaviour)

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19
Q

biolelectricity

A

all living cells generate it
membranes have voltage gradients
essential for healing

20
Q

4 applications of therapeutic modalities

A

pain
performance (facilitate or inhibit)
inflammation/healing
flexibility ROM

21
Q

three ways tissue damage from current happens

A

chemical burns
prolonged mm contraction (heart)
high density cause tissue heating

22
Q

macroshock

A

current through skin

1mA for 1 sec

23
Q

microshock

A

current through heart

24
Q

how many mA may be fatal

A

100

25
Q

how many uamps may cause ventricular fibrillation

A

20

26
Q

variable that determines severity of shock

A

current

27
Q

how to prevent tissue heating

A

size of electrodes
contact
current intensity Low as effectively possible

28
Q

5 contraindications for estim

A 
electric devices
preg
infection
seizures
cardiac disorders
29
Q

can you give equipment to patients

A

only if the manual says you can

30
Q

4 components of device safety

A

equipment meets standards
3 pin plug used
inspect cord and test it
Screen for risks

31
Q

strength duration curve

A

technique to identify state of injury or mm/nerve

32
Q

SD testing

A

gets minimal palpable contraction

33
Q

indications for SD use

A

monitor lesion progress
establish pulse duration for treatment
establish integrity of tendon when pt can’t contract

34
Q

Three concepts for nerve depolarization

A

intensity
pulse duration
rise time

35
Q

rheobase

A

minimum current intensity for perceptible contraction

36
Q

chronoaxie

A

minimum duration of impulse to produce response

37
Q

small or large diameter depolarize first

A

L

38
Q

what is stimulated first from skin

A

AB (sensory) Aa (Motor) Ao (pain)

39
Q

Inactive Red Anode

A

area near membrane becomes positive

harder to depolarize

40
Q

Active Black cathode

A

area near membrane more negative

easier to depolarize the nerve

41
Q

normal or denervated mm require longer duration to demoralize

A

denervated

42
Q

factors affecting outcome of SD curve

A 
skin 
tissue
position of electrode
pressure
humidity 
oedema
43
Q

advantages of SD testing

A

monitor progress
non-invasiev
simple
high inter rater reliability

44
Q

disadvantages of SD testing

A

poor repeatibilty
unable to localize nerve trunk
less valuable for large mm

45
Q

curve of partially denervated mm’s

A

location of kink not signification
left to kink = innervated, right denervated fibres

curve change 6 wk before clinical changes

no recovery by 5 months, poor prognosis

545 (34 decks)

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