iontophoresis Flashcards
iontophoresis
current flow between electrodes push ions through skin
i.e drug
T/F iontophoresis is direct
true
postive ions flow to the __
cathode (neg)
negative ions flow to the __
anode (pos)
T/f current flows in both direction in tissue
true
can drugs have voltage
yes a pos drug can drift towards neg electrode etc..
three was passages across skin happen
electomigration
electroporation
electroosmosis
electromigration
sweat ducts
hair follicles
electroporation
mechanism unknown but skin porosity is increased by estim
electroosmosis
bulk movement creates a stream
iontophoresis applications
4% acid
2 ma DC
20 mins
5 times in 2 wks
outcome measures iontophoresis
pain scale
LEFS
ADLs
iontophoretic equation
dosage = current x mins
amount of drug delivered is proportional to:
current density, and time of application
how much push and how long the push is
T/f ions is proportional to cube root of current density x time of application
tr
dose is proportional to__
current magnitude and duration of application
clinical doses for iontrophresis range up to _
80ma.min
for iontophoresis is dosage need lower or upper end of scale
upper (70-80)
T/f ideal current dosage of iontophoresis is confirmed
false yet to be determined - adjust to patient n tolerance
current density measure for iontophoresis
mA/cm2
is electrode size + to conductive surface area
no
safe current density
usually max 1.0 mA/cm at anode
0.5 mA/cm at cathode
should you keep cathode or anode surface area larger
cathode to keep current tensity lower than anode and reduce risk of skin burn
can drugs reach deep tissues from iontophoresis
yes and in blood n skin
T/F 1-2% of drug concentration is not as good as higher concentrations
false
which drugs are effect with iontophoresis
anti inflammatories
idiopathic hyperhidrosis
how much of human tissue is Na Cl
70%
electrolysis under the electrodes causes _
formation of new compounds
Under the Anode is
acidic reaction
hardening of skin
under the cathode is
alKaline reaction
stronger
skin softens and burns easily, red itchy
why stabilize Ph during treatment
buffer
T/f at 20-40 mA.min no changes in skin Ph with buffer
true but delivering this low of a dose would take too long
use buffer?
yes if available
indications or iontophoresis
hyperhidrosis mm inflammatory disease plantar fascitis TMJ disorder neuralgia edema
contraindications for iontophoresis
damaged skin sensitivity / allergy to drug mod/severe sensory impairment flammable sprays around near electronic implants
what to tell patient iontophroesis
expect redness
what to chart iontophoresis
drug/ concentration ion polarity electrode surface area distance dosage (ma x min)
