iontophoresis

Question 1

iontophoresis

Answer 1

current flow between electrodes push ions through skin

i.e drug

Question 2

T/F iontophoresis is direct

Answer 2

true

Question 3

postive ions flow to the __

Answer 3

cathode (neg)

Question 4

negative ions flow to the __

Answer 4

anode (pos)

Question 5

T/f current flows in both direction in tissue

Answer 5

true

Question 6

can drugs have voltage

Answer 6

yes a pos drug can drift towards neg electrode etc..

Question 7

three was passages across skin happen

Answer 7

electomigration
electroporation
electroosmosis

Question 8

electromigration

Answer 8

sweat ducts

hair follicles

Question 9

electroporation

Answer 9

mechanism unknown but skin porosity is increased by estim

Question 10

electroosmosis

Answer 10

bulk movement creates a stream

Question 11

iontophoresis applications

Answer 11

4% acid
2 ma DC
20 mins
5 times in 2 wks

Question 12

outcome measures iontophoresis

Answer 12

pain scale
LEFS
ADLs

Question 13

iontophoretic equation

Answer 13

dosage = current x mins

Question 14

amount of drug delivered is proportional to:

Answer 14

current density, and time of application

how much push and how long the push is

Question 15

T/f ions is proportional to cube root of current density x time of application

Answer 15

tr

Question 16

dose is proportional to__

Answer 16

current magnitude and duration of application

Question 17

clinical doses for iontrophresis range up to _

Answer 17

80ma.min

Question 18

for iontophoresis is dosage need lower or upper end of scale

Answer 18

upper (70-80)

Question 19

T/f ideal current dosage of iontophoresis is confirmed

Answer 19

false yet to be determined - adjust to patient n tolerance

Question 20

current density measure for iontophoresis

Answer 20

mA/cm2

Question 21

is electrode size + to conductive surface area

Answer 21

no

Question 22

safe current density

Answer 22

usually max 1.0 mA/cm at anode

0.5 mA/cm at cathode

Question 23

should you keep cathode or anode surface area larger

Answer 23

cathode to keep current tensity lower than anode and reduce risk of skin burn

Question 24

can drugs reach deep tissues from iontophoresis

Answer 24

yes and in blood n skin

Question 25

T/F 1-2% of drug concentration is not as good as higher concentrations

Answer 25

false

Question 26

which drugs are effect with iontophoresis

Answer 26

anti inflammatories

idiopathic hyperhidrosis

Question 27

how much of human tissue is Na Cl

Answer 27

70%

Question 28

electrolysis under the electrodes causes _

Answer 28

formation of new compounds

Question 29

Under the Anode is

Answer 29

acidic reaction

hardening of skin

Question 30

under the cathode is

Answer 30

alKaline reaction
stronger

skin softens and burns easily, red itchy

Question 31

why stabilize Ph during treatment

Answer 31

buffer

Question 32

T/f at 20-40 mA.min no changes in skin Ph with buffer

Answer 32

true but delivering this low of a dose would take too long

Question 33

use buffer?

Answer 33

yes if available

Question 34

indications or iontophoresis

Answer 34

hyperhidrosis
mm inflammatory disease 
plantar fascitis
TMJ disorder
neuralgia
edema

Question 35

contraindications for iontophoresis

Answer 35

damaged skin
sensitivity / allergy to drug
mod/severe sensory impairment 
flammable sprays around
near electronic implants

Question 36

what to tell patient iontophroesis

Answer 36

expect redness

Question 37

what to chart iontophoresis

Answer 37

drug/ concentration 
ion polarity 
electrode surface area
distance
dosage (ma x min)