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545 > laser > Flashcards

laser Flashcards

1
Q

what is laser

A

monochromatic , coherent and collimated light

once in tissue it refracts, diverges and reflects

ABSORBED

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2
Q

monochromatic, cohert and collimated - whats most important

A

mono

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3
Q

observed responses to laser

A

inc ATP production
inc collagen production
dec inflammation
dec bacterial growth

vasodilation
accelerated wound healing

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4
Q

how does laser work

A

laser photons are absorbed by chormopores

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5
Q

proposed therapeutic effects of laser

A

tissue healing

pain/inflam reduction

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6
Q

chromophores

A

organic molecules that absorb light

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7
Q

too much ROS signalling results in

A

cell apoptosis

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8
Q

whats ROS signalling do

A

inc ca flow
cellular growth
MAPK activation

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9
Q

LLLT ____ ROS in oxidative stressed cells and tissues

A

reduces

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10
Q

LLT ____ levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

reduces

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11
Q

MAPK pathways do what

A

+ca signalling

secretes growth factors

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12
Q

Nitric oxide signalling does what

A

vasodilation
modulates inflammatory response
produces growth factors

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13
Q

cellular response from laser

A 
protein translation 
cell proliferation 
attachement 
survival 
dec inflam response
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14
Q

how does laser reduce inflam

A

reduces levels of pro inflammatory cytokines in activated inflammatory cells

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15
Q

T/F laser is an anti inflammatory

A

t

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16
Q

how does laser help with pain

A

locally it reduces inflammation

centrally it releases endorphins if used over acupuncture point

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17
Q

is laser shown to work better with acute or chronic pain

A

chronic

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18
Q

does laser help with RA and OA

A

yes, more evidence of RA

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19
Q

Class I-III laser MW amount

A

up to 500mW

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20
Q

Class IV lasers produce

A

10-15W

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21
Q

units for laser

A

J/point

joules per pint

22
Q

1 joule = watt/sec

A

1

23
Q

10mW applied for 100 s delivers how many joules

A

1

0.01W x 100s

24
Q

photoreceptors are what colour

A

blue and green

25
Q

laser ___ prostaglandin E2 concentration, ____ cycloxygenase in vitro, ____TNFa, ____ mitchondrial ATP

A

reduces
inhibites
reduces
increases

26
Q

better evidence for management of ___ MSK than _____ pain

A

chronic

acute

27
Q

power equation

A

how many joules/sec = 1 watt

28
Q

energy density formula

A

Mw/cm x seconds = J

29
Q

power density equation

A 
fixed for each device
Mw/cm2, W for class 4
30
Q

1W laser applied to 1 second = how many joules

A

1 becuase

joules = watts.second

31
Q

10mW applied for 100 s deliver hows many J

A

1 because mW, put it into decimal (.01W)

32
Q

key to energy density equations

A

use cm

33
Q

joules calcualtion

A

Watts x seconds

34
Q

total energy calcualtion

A

W x sec

35
Q

recommended way of recording dose is

A

joules per point

36
Q

1 depth of penetration

A

point where energy is reduced to 37% of original value (i.e 63% absorbed)

37
Q

T/F labs suggest 0.01 J/cm can alter cellular response

A

true

38
Q

t/F laser therapy typicalyly involved 4J/cm2 per treatment of surface

A

t

39
Q

decisions you make when applying laser

A

colour
dose
application technieu

40
Q

___ determines the depth of penetration

A

colour

41
Q

energy delivered formula

A

power x time

mW x s

42
Q

calculating laser dose

A

Joules / watts = seconds

43
Q

modes of application laser

A 
contact (point, grid)
non contact (scanning, grid)
44
Q

is contact or non contact better

A

contact

45
Q

should you cleanse the skin w alcohol before laser

A

yes or soap and water

46
Q

is eye protection needed for laser

A

yes

47
Q

contraindications for laser

A 
eye
malignancy
back/ab of preg
hemorrhage, vascular  condition 
TB
active bleeding disorder
active DVT
balls
48
Q

precautions for laser

A

infected areas
epiphyseal plates
anterior neck
cognitive impairment

49
Q

safety guidelines for doing stillt

A 
controlled area
eye protection 
authorized only
warning sign
windows covered
50
Q

class IV laser differences

A

larger areas may be covered during short application
some warmth
greater depth

still reseraching

545 (34 decks)

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