UCSP EXAM Flashcards
concept that defines your distinctive characteristics over the course of your life.
IDENTITY
is continuously shaped, reshaped, and changed over the course of your life
IDENTITY
process by which an individual learns or acquires the important aspects of his/her culture.
ENCULTURATION
Experiences
Beliefs
Traditions
Language
Arts
Norms and Customs
CULTURE
Defines as a group of people who:
Have shared culture
Are living in a particular location
Are interacting with one another for survival
SOCIETY
Defined as activities of government and its citizens
Power
Authority
Governance
Dynamics (Conflict, Resolution, and Cooperation)
POLITICS
Study of man
ANTHROPOLOGY
This branch of social sciences provides comprehension and explanation of human species and their practices in their environment
ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthros
man
Oldest known bones of homo sapiens
JEBEL IRHOUND H. SAPIENS FOSSIL
Study of social life of humans
SOCIOLOGY
This branch of social sciences provides knowledge and understanding on different aspects of society
SOCIOLOGY
Father of SOCIOLOGY
Augusto Comte
Socius
Companionship
Study of politics
POLITICAL SCIENCE
This branch of social sciences provides knowledge and understanding on authority, power, implementation of general rules, and conflict and resolution
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Polis
city-state
The aim of the Politics, - says, is to investigate, on the basis of the constitutions collected, what makes for good government and what makes for bad government and to identify the factors favorable or unfavorable to the preservation of a constitution.
Aristotle
Elements of Society
Social Solidarity;
Shared identity and culture;
Common Language;
Population;
Definite geographical location; and
Political, social, and economic organizations.
People were basically small and nomadic.
Hunting and Gathering Society
This society is also known as band level society
Hunting and Gathering Society
The society was non-hierarchical since their roles and responsibilities were distinct according to their age and sex.
Hunting and Gathering Society
Leadership was based according to strength, trustworthiness, and intelligence.
Hunting and Gathering Society
This society shifted from hunting and gathering lifestyle to a more sedentary lifestyle.
Horticultural and Pastoral Society
This society introduced agriculture (food production method), cultivation of plants, and domestication of animals.
Horticultural and Pastoral Society
Introduction to a more advanced technology in agriculture.
Agricultural Society
People were not nomads anymore.
Horticultural and Pastoral Society
Food production became more efficient.
Agricultural Society
In this society, people had permanent settlements.
Agricultural Society
There was a series of inventions of machines that improved the production of food and that made life easier.
Industrial Society
Due to technological advancements, agricultural society transformed into
Industrial Society
There was a rise of urban centers or cities. Further, arts and sciences flourished.
Industrial Society
The society transitioned from manufacturing-based economy (goods) to a service-based economy (services)
Post-Industrial Society
Knowledge becomes the commodity and basis for invention and innovation.
Post-Industrial Society
Technological inventions and inventions are keys to long lasting growth and development.
Post-Industrial Society
These societies were formed through social interaction. Through interaction, people were able to form and organize series of rules of conduct, norms, customs, traditions, and institutions and systems
CULTURE
defined as a society’s way of life, which includes experiences, beliefs, traditions, language, knowledge, arts, etc.
CULTURE
is acquired through socialization and enculturation.
Culture
is the process of forging identity through social interaction
Socialization
is the process where the person acquires the culture of the society he/she belongs to.
Enculturation
MAJOR TYPES OF CULTURE
Material Culture
Non-Material Culture
Consists of tangible things or objects that are produced, shared, and utilized in the society.
Material Culture
Consists of non-tangible things, objects, or elements that influence the behavior and action of people in the society.
Non-Material Culture
These convey meanings or represent ideas.
Symbols
Set of symbols that enables people to communicate verbally or nonverbally.
Language
These are norms and principles that pertain to right or wrong.
Values
These are shared rules of conduct that determine the behavior of people in the society.
▪ Folkways
▪ Mores
▪ Laws
Norms
A perception that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently.
Ethnocentrism
A perception that “invalidates” another’s culture.
Ethnocentrism
A perception that one’s own culture is inferior to others.
Xenocentrism
A perception that an individual recognizes, understands, and accepts that every society has cultural differences.
Cultural Relativism
is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across generations. It helps us identify and analyze man’s physiological development which is important in his subsistence
EVOLUTION
The culture in one society may be considered immoral in another and vice versa; therefore, no one has the right to judge another’s culture.
Cultural Relativism
- Unpolished stone implements;
- Hunting and gathering; and
- Nomadic way of living.
PALEOLITHIC AGE
is the process of development which occurs when human beings adapt themselves with their surroundings and be able to survive within the environment
Cultural Evolution
- Polished stone tools;
- Domestication of plants and animals; and
- Living in permanent places.
NEOLITHIC AGE
refers to a process whereby organisms undergo various changes (genetic and physical) that pave the way for - diversity
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
A member of the family Hominidae
HOMINIDS
A member of the family Hominidae
HOMINIDS
One species could evolve into another species
HOMINIDS
First to make stone tools
THE HOMO HABILIS
“Handy man”
THE HOMO HABILIS
Lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago scavenging for food.
THE HOMO HABILIS
“Upright man”
THE HOMO ERECTUS
Lived 1.89 to 143,000 years ago
THE HOMO ERECTUS
They were the first hunters with improvised tools such as axes and knives, and were the first to produce fire
THE HOMO ERECTUS
“Wise man” ▪ Appeared form 200,000 years ago
THE HOMO SAPIENS
The present human race belongs to this species
THE HOMO SAPIENS
known as Cro-Magnon
THE HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS
They were the first to produce art in cave paintings and crafting decorated tools and accessories.
THE HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS
lived in the last Ice age of Europe 40,000 to 10,000 years ago.
THE HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS
People in the society create various tools and equipment for their daily life, such as domesticating animals, planting, trading, among others. As people interacted and lived with one another, they started to reciprocate ideas, beliefs, knowledge, practices, and material possessions, leading to forge culture.
TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
