Sci - masmas Flashcards
is an all space - time, matter and energy including the solar system, all stars and galaxies and content of intergalactic space, regarded as a whole.
Universe
It states that the counting of the galaxies in our Universe is constant and new galaxies which are forming continuously are filling the empty spaces which are created by those heavenly bodies which have crossed the boundary lines of the observable Universe.
Steady State Theory
It is assumed that there is continuous expansion and contraction in the universe. It proposes that the universe will keep on expanding more and more then slowly it stops. Then it will start to contract due to gravitation. This contraction will continue until the universe becomes more compact and will later explode and expand again.
Pulsating Theory
It proposes that the entire universe was once condensed in a very small and compact particle called singularity or primeval nucleus. It is estimated that about 20 billion years ago, the singularity suddenly exploded in a - The force of this explosion caused matter to scatter in any direction forming a universe.
Big Bang Theory
Symbolic Narrative of the beginning of the world as understood by a culture.
Origin of the Universe: Creation Myths
According to this theory, the sun and other celestial bodies orbiting around it were formed from a NEBULA
Nebular Hypothesis
a spinning cloud of gases.
nebula
is the gradual increase in the size of an object by the buildup of matter due to gravity.
theory says that a protosun passing through a cloud of interstellar materials pulled this material along causing it to swirl around the protosun. As the protosun evolved into the sun, the material it accreted gradually formed the planets and other revolving bodies.
Accretion Theory
According to this theory, the time when the sun is about to form (protosun), a large body passing around it may have drawn some gaseous materials from it. The mass of gaseous materials drawn did not completely escape the gravitational pull of the protosun. It continued to spin around it, eventually becoming more dense and gradually formed into planetesimals. These planetesimals give rise to the planets and satellites.
Tidal Theory
is the only planet in the solar system capable of supporting life. Complex and brilliant combination of gasses, composition and structure of earth are some of the reasons why it can sustain life.
Earth
describes all of the rocks, minerals and ground that are found on and in Earth. This includes all of the mountains on the surface, as well as all of the liquid rock in the mantle below us and the minerals and metals of the outer and inner cores. The continents, the ocean floor, all of the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts are all considered part of the - Basically, if it looks like solid ground, it’s part of the ‘ground’ sphere.
Geosphere
is the outermost part of the earth and is very thin compared to the other layers. It is a part where the living organisms dwell in. It forms a very thin continuous layer that extends underneath the ocean and continents.
Crust
This is mostly composed of different types of granites.
Continental Crust
The rocks in the continental crust are mostly referred to as “-“ which stands for silicate and aluminum.
sial
This is mostly composed of different types of basalts.
Oceanic Crust
Rocks of the oceanic crust are mostly referred to as “-“ which stands for silicate and magnesium.
sima
It is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth’s interior. The - lies between Earth’s dense, super heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust.
Mantle
relatively rigid and contains the asthenosphere, a semi-fluid layer that allows the movement of tectonic plates.
Upper Mantle
contributes to the overall convection and heat transfer within the Earth’s interior.
Lower Mantle
It is the dense center and hottest part of earth. The - is made almost entirely of iron and nickel. The Gutenberg discontinuity is the boundary between the core and the mantle.
Core
is a liquid layer composed mainly of molten iron and nickel. It has a temperature between 4500 to 5500 degree Celsius.
Outer Core
solid, central part of the earth. It is composed of solid iron and nickel. The temperature ranges about 5200 degrees Celsius.
Inner Core
Over 70 percent of the surface area of the earth is covered by water. All the earth’s water, solid or in liquid form, those that are contained in glaciers, rocks, soil and the air, comprise the earth’s -.
Hydrosphere
A big portion of earth’s water is found in -. The - cover more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface and contain 97 percent of the Earth’s water.
Ocean