ORG MAN MIDTERMS Flashcards
This is a group of people who work together
on achieving a common goal.
Organization
This is the process of organizing, planning,
and leading to achieve the goal efficiently and
effectively
Management
It focuses on the process on how the goal will
be achieved using minimum input.
Efficiency
It focuses on the result.
Despite the process made, you should achieve the goal.
Effectiveness
- He is the first advocate and the
founder of the Scientific
Management Theory. - His theory aims to apply the
scientific methods and principles
not just inside workplaces but also in training and
developing workers.
Frederick W. Taylor (F.W.T)
What are the management theories?
- Scientific Management Theory
- Administrative Management Theory
- Behavioral Management Theory
- Management Science Theory
- Organizational Environment Theory
In a work place: Rules of thumb (OUT),
Scientifically proven method (IN).
Using scientific methods and principles to
increase a work process efficiently.
Scientific Management Theory
- Owner of the Ford Motor
Company: Sold the first
Automobile: Ford Model T. Ford - He is a contributor in this
theory by making assembly line. - Every worker have one different tasks and
they will just concentrate on that task. The
process is, when worker #1 is done installing
the part that was given to him/her, worker #2
will install another.
Henry Ford
This theory focuses on the management in an organization.
It also shows in this theory that the role of a manager is to lead and be responsible to the organization
Administrative Management Theory
The founder and advocate of
Administrative Management
Theory.
- He created the 5 functions of
Administrative Management.
- He created the 14 principles of a Management
Henri Fayol
14 Principles of Management
Division of Work
Authority
Discipline
Unity of Command
Unity of Direction
Predominance of general interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar Chain
Order
Equity
Stability of Tenure and Personnel
Initiative
Espirit De Corps
5 Functions of Administrative Management
Planning
Organizing
Communication
Coordination
Control
How you will achieve the goal,
the step by step.
Planning
Distribute the task to your
members.
Organizing
Lead your organization,
supervise them; solve any problems that the org may encounter, answer questions, etc
Communication
Facilitate them, build a
relationship inside the organization that will let all the members to be united, to have
harmony
Coordination
You should ensure that the
accounting, financial, technical, and quality is always in control.
Control
Assign the task to people
depending on their abilities to increase
productivity
Division of work
To give orders
Authority
Expectations inside the
organization should be clear. Violators =
Punishment
Discipline
Employee should
receive orders from one supervisor only.
Unity of Command
One head + one plan =
one direction
Unity of Direction
Individual’s personal interest
Predominance of general interests
Efforts & work = reward &
pay/salary
Remuneration
Roles of the superiors and
the roles of the subordinates are clarified
Centralization
Chain of superiors. In order
to communicate across, it will be from top to bottom.
Scalar Chain
The right man in the right place
Order
Fairness and order should be
observed.
Equity
To promote employee loyalty to the org.
Stability of Tenure and Personnel
Encourage and inspire the
employee to support organization’s
objectives.
Initiative –
Unity and harmony
between employee and management.
Esprit de Corps
- He contributed to the
Administrative Management Theory
by his studies on Public
administration and bureaucracy
Max Weber
Relationship, kinship and customs to lead and make
decisions.
traditional authority
: Employees
are hired and fired with non-related reasons: Sex, race,
family connections, etc
Particularism or favoritism
Focuses on how social elements such as:
Interpersonal relationships, social
conditioning, and group norms determine the
performance of the workers
Human Relations Theory
- He was the founder of Human
Relations Theory and his expertise is
improving the workplace.
George Elton Mayo
- By observation, Mayo have 4 best
outcomes on how every workplace
will improve:
Set numbers of work hours
Break time for workers
Improve office lighting
Close supervision by manager
He contributed to the Human
Relations Theory by making the
Hierarchy of needs:
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Basic needs
Psychological needs
Self-fulfillment needs
Uses quantitative approach such as statistical
& computer simulation for management
decision.
Quantitative Management Theory
Uses mathematics in problem solving and
decision making, models, outlines that will
become a basis for business improvement.
NOT ACTUAL: JUST A PLAN
Management Science
Applying the ideas, models, outlines in the
actual workplace to deal with different
managerial situations.
Basically, you will apply the management
science.
ACTUAL: REAL LIFE
Operations Management
Emphasizes consistency in organization,
production of high-quality products, and
services.
Quality will be maintained by: Regular
evaluation, testing and implementation of
improvements.
Quality Management Theory
- He helped Japanese people to improve
production through: Statistical process
control & problem solving techniques. - Promoted & improved: Product design,
uniform product quality, improved product testing &
increased market sales
Edward Deming
Functions of a Manager
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
A manager should identify the
goals, objectives of the organization and the step-by-step actions the organization will make to achieve it.
Planning
Distribute the task and
group the employees accordingly.
Organizing
A manager should influence its
subordinates to perform well.
Leading
As a manager you should
identify the different problems that hinders
the organization to achieve its goals and then resolve it.
Controlling
Interpersonal Management Roles
Figurehead
Leader
Liaison
Informational Management Roles
Monitor
Disseminator
Spokeperson
Decisional Management Roles
Entrepreneur
Disturbance Handler
Resource Allocator
Negotiator
The manager should be the
role model, inspiration to the organization.
FIGUREHEAD
The heart of the managersubordinates relation
LEADER
The manager is the center of
communication and information that’s why
he/she needs to have a communication skills
for information exchange.
LIAISON
The manager seeks and receive
infos from other sources for him/her to
evaluate the overall performance and wellbeing of the organization.
MONITOR
The manager disseminates external infos to the org and to its subordinates
DISSEMINATOR
The manager relays information to different groups and orgs outside the company
SPOKESPERSON
The manager is the one
who thinks new ideas, designs, opportunities for the company.
ENTREPRENEUR
Since emergency, unexpected changes, unexpected failures may happen to the company anytime, the manager should know how to handle and resolve it.
DISTURBANCE HANDLER
The manager is the one who holds the resources of the company that’s why he/she knows how to control and how to allocate the resources
properly
RESOURCE ALLOCATOR
–The job of the manager is
to communicate also with the outside groups and organization and even with his/her members.
NEGOTIATOR
Skills of a Manager
Conceptual Skills
Human Skills
Technical Skills
Problem-solving, creativeness, analyzation,
can think and decide the best strategies and actions.
Conceptual Skills
Leading in general, capacity to motivate, lead,
and control
Can effectively communicate and coordinate
Human Skills
Capabilities, task specialization
Specialization of a manager needed in a
particular area he/she was assigned.
Technical Skills
This analysis helps a business owner to identify the different factors that can help on the overall success or failure of his/her business.
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
A business that is owned and run by only one person.
- Owner dies = business die
Sole Proprietorship
Owners invest their money,
property, labor for the business that’s why if something happens to the business, all of
them are 100% accountable.
General Partnership
This requires formal agreement.
Unlike in general, both parties can limit their liability to the business if ever something will happen. They can both limit it depending on the ownership or investment they gave on the business.
- Does not limit only to 2 people
Limited Partnership
This is one of the important part on
achieving a goal of an organization.
This is where the organization will
identify their goals, how will they
achieve the goal, when will they
achieve the goal, who will do this
specific tasks, etc.
- ATTAINING THE GOAL
Planning
TYPES OF PLANS
STRATEGIC
TACTICAL
OPERATIONAL
Overall planning for the entire
organization. FOR 2 YEARS AND UP
- Talking about the long term goals,
overall goals, action plans, develop
plans.
- This involves top-level managers.
- “Where do we want to go?”
Strategic
Making specific plans to fulfill the
strategic plans.
- For lower-level departments.
Different departments, different
tasks/goals that needs to be
achieved. How will they achieve it?
Tactical
The overall process.
- The managers is now assigned to
check if each sector or department
is actually doing their tasks to
achieve the strategic plan.
Operational
STEPS OF PLANNING PROCESS
Step1: Establish the goals and Objectives
Step2: The strategy meets your goals
Step3: Gather and analysis information
Step4: Draft and implement your plans
Step5: Review your goals and Market situation
These goals and objectives will serve
as the finish line of an organization.
Step1: Establish the goals and Objectives
Determining the areas where your
organization is strong and also
determining the limitations in order
to have the right actions.
Step2: The strategy meets your goals
Seek and collect various information
that will help to plan and make
methods and strategies.
Step3: Gather and analysis information
After collecting various information
that can be an alternative, a
manager will now evaluate and
compare all of them and will balance
the different potential benefits that
they can get on each alternatives
they have.
Step4: Draft and implement your plans
After achieving the goal, you need to
continuously review it if you really
did it 100% correctly.
Step5: Review your goals and Market situation
Levels of Planning
Corporate
Business
Functional
This is like the main office of an
organization. This is where the toplevel positions in a company will can
be found. Decision-making.
- What industry, market, resources.
Corporate Level
Talks about business. These is the
level where the managers talks
about how will they compete and
perform efficiently and effectively.
- Competitiveness of managers.
- They talk about the SWOT and PEST
analysis.
Business Level
Planning Techniques
Qualitative
Quantitative
Moving process. The procedure, the
progress of an organization.
Functional Level
Do not involve any math, statistics,
measurements, etc.
- More on observations, finding
opinions and suggestions.
Qualitative
The decision making is based on
statistical data, systematic analysis,
and survey.
- DECISION TREE: Questions that have
endless follow-up questions.
- PAYBACK METHOD: How long it will
take to recover the money you
spent
Quantitative
Planning Tools
Brainstorming
Nominal
Delphi
Decision Making
This is where the group members
are free to share their ideas,
thoughts and opinions. From there
they will now find the common
answer.
Brainstorming
Almost the same with brainstorming
but, if the group will give their ideas,
it must only focused on the agenda.
Nominal
They are repeating the same
questions to see if the respondents
are immediately changing their
decisions or answers.
Delphi
It happens within ourselves. It is by
choosing to all of the choices we
have. The decision we made might
be right or wrong
Decision Making
This is where different departments
will be discovered. Every
department is created to deal with
different problems.
- It helps to maintain quality and
uniformity of performances since
these people, in every department
have the ability or specialization to
do the tasks in their department.
Functional Organization
This is the authority given wherein
they have the power to decide how
a department will work. They can
change, replace ideas to achieve the
goal
Functional Authority
