milit 789 Flashcards
It improves the quality of life. -Communication has been made easier. -Information has become widely accessible. -Conducting research has become more convenient
-Long-distance communication between family members has become possible through video calls or instant messaging.
-It provides entertainment through various cable channels and internet access.
personal
-It generates greater political participation. -In the fields of public service, the media and the government have a longstanding relationship.
-Media keeps the public and even the government informed on what is happening in the country, helping both sectors make political decisions.
-Through media reports of government activities and issues, the public are informed of the political affairs in the country and are further encouraged to take a more active role in the government.
political
It promotes economic opportunities.
-The new media have made it possible for ordinary individuals to offer their materials for consumption, whether free or paid. -YouTube, a free video host, is also an advertising medium. Advertisers pay to display their ads with the videos. YouTube then pays video contributors if their videos get enough views or if their channels have a high subscriber rate.
-It creates new job opportunities. For example, new positions like social media managers or multimedia specialists are now in demand. Likewise, programmers for various platforms can easily find projects or permanent jobs. More specialized jobs lead to higher pay and therefore result in a better economy.
economic
Media and information literacy improves learning environment through different interactive media platforms.
-Reinvention of learning modalities makes knowledge accessible to more people. -Information can be easily accessed and assessed, thus, making studying convenient for students.
-Learning resources can be easily improvised and customized to suit the aptitudes of different types of learners.
educational
Media and information-literate individuals form groups that are said to be more cohesive units than those formed by people who are not, creating a bond that does not only have relational implications but also create social impact.
-People are being connected in ways that were not possible before.
-Media and information literate people would rarely, if ever, fall victim to fake news and consequently react to it in a way that would destroy social relationship.
-It allows people to develop camaraderie and interaction.
-Different social networks sites like Facebook and Instagram can be used to build support groups engaging in different advocacies.
social
It builds professional networks.
-Looking and applying for a job becomes easy by checking different websites.
-Job hunting becomes convenient for applicants who can share their personal profiles and other credentials to prospective companies.
-An individual can conveniently work from home through the use of different media.
professional
refers to how information and ideas are communicated in forms of media, including television, film, radio, newspapers, magazines, advertising, websites, social media, and more. It involves the use of words, images, sounds, and designs to convey messages and emotions to the audience. Just like how we use words and expressions to speak or write, media has its own way of “speaking” to people through visuals, sounds, and words in a way that we can all understand.
media language
are systems of signs, which create meaning
types of media codes
take on the lives of symbols; meaning, the depiction of these codes in a media product frame or shape the narrative in associative or connotative terms. These codes include setting, mise-en-scène, acting, and color
symbolic code
includes the time and place in the media product. can also include any of these elements: Climate/season Landscape People Social structures and economic factors Moral attitudes and behavioral codes
setting
refers to the visual elements in the frame. This means that the composition of all the elements found within the physical boundaries of the shot or the frame creates an effect on the audience and establishes the context of the narrative. For instance, one shot or frame could include the setting, the props, the costumes, the lighting, and the characters. These elements also help us determine the genre of the media product.
Mise en scène
on the other hand, is perhaps the most obvious element we observe as audiences. The actor plays a character through the use of facial expressions, body language, vocal qualities, and movement. Some elements like accent, a nervous tic, and the kind of walk the actor employs for the character all help establish that character for us and make them more believable.
acting
also helps deliver a specific message and foreground our expectations. We have been taught the meanings of colors in our Art classes when we were younger. Those meanings, albeit varying in different cultures, are still very useful.
color
involve the use of production techniques and tools specific to the medium being utilized. These codes are related to the technical aspects of creating and presenting the media content.
include camerawork, editing, audio, and lighting.
Technical Codes
“how the camera is operated, positioned, and moved for specific effects”(Young, 2017). Some aspects include positioning, movement, framing, exposure, and lens choice.
Camera work
- A camera shot that captures an expansive view of the location or setting where a scene or sequence takes place. In an the subject or subjects appear very small.
extreme wide shot
Captures the subject and its surroundings entirely, showing the entire body and providing a sense of location and scale.
wide shot
Frames the subject from the waist up or the chest up, showing more detail while maintaining a sense of proximity.
medium shot
A camera shot that frames the subject from approximately the chest up to just above the head.
medium close up
A camera shot that frames the subject from approximately the chest up to just above the head.
medium close up
Focuses closely on the subject, typically showing the head, face, or a specific feature, conveying emotions and details.
close up
Frames a very small detail or a portion of the subject, highlighting specific and small details, such as an eye or mouth.
extreme close up
Captures the subject from a low angle, looking up at the subject, often used to convey power, authority, or intimidation.
low angle shot
Films the subject from a high angle, looking down on the subject, often used to convey vulnerability, weakness, or inferiority
high angle shot
camera angle where the camera is positioned at the same height as the eyes of the subject being filmed.
eye level angle shot
A camera angle where the camera is positioned very low to the ground, looking upward at the subject
worm’s eye angle shot
also known as a Dutch Angle or Dutch Tilt, is a camera angle where the camera is intentionally tilted or skewed to create a slanted or off-kilter frame.
canted angle shot
also known as a High Angle Shot, is a camera angle where the camera is positioned directly above the subject, looking downward.
bird’s eye
may in be in the form of graphic, rhythmic, spatial, and temporal edits and is the “process of choosing, manipulating, and arranging images and sound” (Young, 2017). Films shot in modern times may intentionally be in grayscale or sepia tone or edited to be so to indicate a certain period or genre. Films are usually not shot chronologically and so editing helps create the illusion that the movie is unfolding naturally, without the intervention of the filmmaker.
editing
includes dialogue, sound effects, and music, and is the “expressive or naturalistic use of sound” (Young, 2017).
audio
manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlight specific elements of the scene” (Young, 2017). It may include quality, direction, source, and color.
lighting
refer to the use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. )
written codes
text indicating the nature of the article below it.
headlines
also known as cutlines, are a few lines of a text used to explain or elaborate the published photographs.
photo captions
are graphic elements used in comic books, graphic novels, cartoons, and other forms of visual storytelling to represent dialogue or speech from characters. They are a fundamental tool for conveying the characters’ thoughts, words, and emotions within the visual narrative.
speech bubble
refer to established and widely accepted practices, techniques, styles, formats, and methods used within a specific medium or genre. These conventions help define and shape how content is created, presented, and consumed, providing a common language and structure for both creators and audiences. Media conventions are important for ensuring consistency, understanding, and familiarity within a particular form of media.
media convention
generally refers to the established or expected practices, styles, and structures within a particular form of artistic or media expression. It involves the conventional or traditional elements that are commonly used or recognized within a specific genre, medium, or artistic discipline. provide a framework or set of rules that creators often follow to ensure coherence, communicate effectively, and engage the audience in a way that aligns with their expectations.
form convention
refer to the common elements, structures, and patterns that are typically associated with storytelling in various forms of media. These conventions help shape narratives and provide a familiar framework that audiences can recognize and engage with. exist across different genres and mediums, guiding the way stories are structured and told. They include elements such as narrative arcs, character development, plot devices, and thematic elements that contribute to the overall storytelling experience.
story convention
also known as genre elements or tropes, refer to the specific characteristics, themes, styles, storytelling techniques, and common elements that are typically associated with a particular genre of literature, film, music, art, or any other form of creative expression. These conventions help define and categorize different genres, making it easier for creators and audiences to identify and engage with specific types of content
genre convention
genre examples
horror
comedy
science fiction
mystery
romance
fantasy
refers to people that are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production of media and information.
people media
classification of people media
people as media
people in media
refers to the idea that ordinary individuals, often enabled by digital and social media technologies, can become content creators and distributors. In this context, anyone with access to the internet and the necessary tools can act as a “media” channel.
-this concept highlights the democratization of media, as it allows people to share their own perspectives, experiences, and content with a global audience. This can include blogging, vlogging, social media posting, live streaming, and more.
people as media
sometimes referred to as thought leaders or influencers, are individuals or entities who hold a significant degree of influence and authority within a particular community, industry, or field.
-They play a crucial role in shaping public opinion and guiding the thoughts and actions of others. Opinion leaders are typically recognized and respected for their expertise, experience, or unique perspectives.
opinion leaders
also known as participatory journalism or grassroots journalism, is a form of journalism where individuals who are not professional journalists report and share news and information.
-it involves ordinary people, often referred to as “citizen journalists, “ contributing to news gathering, reporting, and dissemination using various media platforms. These individuals may use tools like smartphones, digital cameras, social media, blogs, and other online platforms to document and share news events
citizen journalist
it generally refers to journalists who actively engage with social media and online communities to gather and disseminate news and information. -these journalists leverage the power of social platforms to connect with their audience, share stories, and foster discussions.
social journalist
is a problem-solving and idea-generating approach that involves obtaining input, ideas, content, or services by soliciting contributions from a large and often diverse group of people, typically from an online community or the “crowd. “
-This method harnesses the collective intelligence, creativity, and resources of a large number of individuals to achieve a particular goal or address a specific challenge.
crowdsourcing
typically refers to individuals who work within the traditional media industry, such as journalists, reporters, editors, broadcasters, and other professionals employed by media organizations (e.g., newspapers, TV networks, radio stations, magazines).
-They are media practitioners that share their expertise or first-hand experience of events. These are the journalist themselves. “People in Media” are considered experts in their field and play a key role in shaping the content and narratives presented to the public.
people in media
It refers to a writer and/or reporter who work for newspapers and magazines. They gather and analyze facts from newsworthy events through conducting interviews, investigation, and/or observation.
print journalist
Someone who photographs, edits, and displays images to tell a narrative. They are journalistic professionals who possessed skills in interpreting and communicating through photographs.
photo journalist
is a professional journalist who specializes in delivering news and information through electronic media, primarily in the form of audio or video broadcasts.
-these journalists work in radio, television, and digital platforms that use audiovisual content to report news to the public.
broadcast journalist
this refers to a storyteller who works across many dimensions combining text or print, photographs, sounds, videos, and graphics in presenting information.
multimedia journalist
characteristics of people media
tech savvy
credible
flexible
charismatic
updated
articulate
They should be proficient in the use of technology.
tech savvy
They are able plausible and reliable.
credible
They know how to use a range of technology and are able to change or to do variety of tasks.
flexible
They catch the attention of different people as part of their audience.
charismatic
They are aware of the latest events in the society.
updated
They are able to express themselves easily in clear and effective language
articulate
is a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand-written, printed, or displayed on screen (MIL TG by CHED). is any “human-readable sequence of characters’’ that can form intelligible words (Rouse, 2015)
text
are created and distributed by established institutions such as publishing companies, news agencies, etc. These also undergo a rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are usually governed by censorship of the state.
Formal text-based materials
come from personal opinions or views on different issues, processes, etc.
Informal text-based materials
The world can never be understood without letters. These letters are used to send a message into different expressions such as love, hatred, or other emotions.
Text as visuals
is the art of arranging text based on typefaces, point size, line length, and spacing. Its purpose today varies depending on the tone, mood, or theme of the setting where it will be used
Typography
or known as font, font type, or type refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital format. A typeface usually consists of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and other special characters. In the absence of images or drawings, text is the easiest way of communicating to your audience.
Typeface
connotes formality and readability in large amounts of texts. This font is usually used for the body text of books, newspapers, magazines and research publication. Also, serif fonts give a classic or elegant look when used for title or heading.
Serif
Serif examples
Examples: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville
brings a clean or minimalist look to the text. This font is used for clear and direct meaning of text such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts in food packages. Also, sans serif fonts give a modern look and is used primarily in webpage design.
Sans Serif
sans serif example
Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
carries a solid or heavy look to text. This font can be used for large advertising sign on billboards.
Slab Serif
slab serif examples
Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Black oak
draws much attention to itself because of its brush- like strokes. This must be used sparingly and not to be used in large body text. This font is usually used in wedding invitation cards or other formal events. - Calligraphy and Cursive
Script
Script examples
Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler
also known as a display typeface, is a category of fonts that are designed to be used for decorative or ornamental purposes rather than for extended reading or body text. caters to a wide variety of emotions (such as celebration, fear, horror, etc.) or themes (such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc.)
Decorative
Decorative examples
Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT
refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content.
Emphasis
refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience, purpose or event. In the creation of text-based content, make sure that the selection criteria (tone, style, purpose, clarity) is followed.
Appropriateness
refers to how near or how far are the text elements from each other. When two things are closely related, we bring them close together. Otherwise, we put text elements far from each other.
Proximity
refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right, center or justified.
Alignment
refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page. ensures that while some text elements are separated from each other (based on the principle of proximity), they are still somehow connected with the rest of the elements in the page.
Organization
concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design. encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page.
Repetition
creates visual interest to text elements. is achieved when two elements are different from each other. When you place a white text on a very light yellow background, contrast is not achieved and the text will be difficult to read, but when you put a white text on a dark brown background, contrast is created.
Contrast
refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of
-Its primary purpose is to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention.
Visual Media
is a symbol or character that represents an idea or concept rather than a specific word or sound. are often used in writing systems and languages, and they convey meaning through visual representation.
Ideogram
or data visualization, is the presentation of data and statistics in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, maps, and infographics. It is used to make complex data more understandable and to reveal patterns, trends, and insights in data.
Statistical visualization
A is a visual representation or image that conveys information, depicts scenes, objects, or people, or serves as a form of artistic expression. can be created through various mediums, including photography, painting, drawing, and digital media.
Picture
is the art and practice of creating visual content and communication through the use of typography, images, colors, and layout. is employed in various media, such as advertisements, logos, packaging, websites, and print materials.
Graphic design
is a multimedia format that combines moving images (often captured through a camera or created digitally) with audio to convey information, tell stories, and entertain.
Video
involves highlighting the differences between elements, such as using contrasting colors, sizes, or shapes to draw attention to specific content. It helps create visual interest and guide the viewer’s eye.
Contrast
directs the viewer’s attention to a focal point within the composition. It can be achieved through the use of color, size, typography, or placement to make certain elements stand out.
Emphasis
ensures that they are organized and visually connected. can be vertical, horizontal, or centered, and it aids readability and clarity.
Alignment
Group related elements together to establish a connection between them. helps in organizing information and indicating relationships between content.
Proximity
Repeating visual elements, such as colors, shapes, or patterns, helps create a consistent and cohesive design. Repetition establishes visual continuity and reinforces branding.
Repetition
encourages the use of only necessary elements and avoiding unnecessary clutter. A clean and uncluttered design is often more effective.
Simplicity
Maintain proper proportion and scale of elements in relation to each other. This is important for creating a visually pleasing and balanced composition.
Proportion and Scale
In user interface and user experience design, the focus is on creating designs that prioritize the needs and preferences of the end users.
User-Centered Design
In web and digital media, - principles ensure that content adapts to various screen sizes and devices for a consistent and user-friendly experience.
Responsive Design
