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AP PSYCH > U8: Clinical (12-16%) > Flashcards

U8: Clinical (12-16%) Flashcards

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1
Q

define MEDICAL MODEL

A

idea that diseases (like psychological disorders) have physical causes and most cases can be cured through tx

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2
Q

define PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

A

syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbances in individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

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3
Q

what are the criteria for a psychological disorder

A
  • clinically significant
  • distress & dysfunction
  • disrupt ability to live daily life
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4
Q

define MUNCHAUSEN’S SYNDROME

A

faking illness/injury to obtain award/attention

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5
Q

what does DSM-V stand for and what is its purpose

A

Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition; the APA’s system for classifying psychological disorders

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6
Q

list the criteria for insomnia

A
  • unsatisfied w/amnt or quality of sleep
  • distress/diminished everyday functioning
  • at least 3 nights/week
  • at least 3 consecutive months
  • occurs even w/sufficient sleep opportunities
  • independent from sleep disorders, abuse of substance, or other conditions
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7
Q

define RISK FACTORS

A

increased likelihood of developing disorder

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8
Q

list examples of risk factors

A
  • academic failure
  • abuse/neglect/trauma
  • chronic pain
  • family disorganization
  • poor work habits
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9
Q

define PROTECTIVE FACTORS

A

decrease likelihood of disorder

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10
Q

list examples of protective factors

A
  • exercise
  • literacy
  • autonomy/economic independence
  • high self-esteem
  • problem solving skills
  • community support
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11
Q

define SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER

A

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

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12
Q

define GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDERS

A

continually tense, apprehensive, and constant state of ANS arousal

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13
Q

define PANIC DISORDER

A

unpredictable episodes of intense dread and terror followed by worry over next possible attacks

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14
Q

define AGORAPHOBIA

A

fear/avoidance of situations like crowds/open places/where one has loss of control or panic previously

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15
Q

define PHOBIA

A

persistent irrational fear and avoidance of specific object/activity/situation

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16
Q

define OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

A

disorder with obsessions and compulsions causing distress/dysfunction

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17
Q

aka obsessions

A

intrusive thoughts

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18
Q

define INTRUSIVE THOUGHTS

A

unwanted repetitive thoughts causing anxiety

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19
Q

define COMPULSIONS

A

actions done to decrease intrusive thoughts

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20
Q

define PTSD

A

sx for at least 4 weeks after traumatic experience

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21
Q

list sx for PTSD

A
  • haunting memories
  • nightmares
  • hypervigilance
  • social withdrawl
  • jumpy anxiety
  • numbness
  • insomnia
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22
Q

define MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

A

> 2 weeks of at least 5 sx in the absence of drugs/other conditions; and at least 1 sx must be depressed mood/loss of interest

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23
Q

define BIPOLAR DISORDER

A

alternating between hopelessness and lethargy and mania

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24
Q

define MANIA

A

hyperactive and wildly optimistic state generally with poor judgment

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25
Q

sx bipolar disorder

A
  • delusion
  • elevated mood
  • irritability
  • emotional outbursts
  • sleep problems
  • worthlessness
  • mood swing
  • hypersexuality
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26
Q

define RUMINATION

A

compulsive fretting and overthinking problems and their causes

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27
Q

list sx of MDD

A
  • depressed mood most of time
  • dramatically reduced interest/pleasure in most activities most of time
  • significant changes regulating weight/sleep/appetite
  • physical agitation/lethargy
  • listless/less energy
  • feeling worthless/unwarranted guilt
  • problems thinking/concentrating/making decisions
  • thinking repetitively of death/suicide
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28
Q

explain/describe the explanatory style

A
  1. stressful experience
  2. negative explanatory style
  3. depressed mood
  4. cognitive & behavioral changes
  5. repeat
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29
Q

define PSYCHOTIC DISORDER

A

marked by irrational ideas, distorted perception, and loss of contact w/reality

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30
Q

define SCHIZOPHRENIA

A

disorder w/delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and inappropriate emotional expression

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31
Q

define positive sx

A

inappropriate behavior present

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32
Q

define negative sx

A

appropriate behavior absent

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33
Q

define HALLUCINATION

A

false sensory experiences

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34
Q

define DELUSION

A

false belief generally of persecution or grandeur

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35
Q

define DISORGANIZED SPEECH

A

thoughts illogical/not coherent

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36
Q

define CATATONIA

A

physical stupor remaining motionless, compulsive actions, or severe agitation

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37
Q

describe CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA

A

slow developing in late adolescence-early adulthood; psychotic episodes increase and get longer

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38
Q

describe ACUTE SCHIZOPHRENIA

A

occurs at any age and is gen a response to severely traumatic event

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39
Q

define DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

A

controversial and rare disorder where conscious separates from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

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40
Q

define DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

A

at least 2 distinct personalities associated w/severe trauma

41
Q

aka: DID

A

multiple/split personality disorder

42
Q

define PERSONALITY DISORDER

A

inflexible and enduring behavior pattern impairing social function

43
Q

define ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

A

lack of conscious for wrongdoing and can be aggressive/ruthless

44
Q

define SOMATOFORM DISORDER

A

disorder taking form of bodily illness w/no real physical disorder

45
Q

define HYPOCHONDRIAC

A

terrified of being sick and becomes preoccupied w/every bodily sensation

46
Q

define CONVERSION DISORDER

A

specific sx in somatic nervous system functioning w/no physical cause

47
Q

define PSYCHOTHERAPY

A

psychological techniques w/therapist

48
Q

define BIOMEDICAL THERAPY

A

medications/procedures to tx psychological disorder

49
Q

define ECLECTIC APPROACH

A

approach to psychotherapy using techniques from various forms of therapy

50
Q

what are the components of psychodynamic therapy

A

resistance, interpretation, transference

51
Q

psychodynamic therapy is targeting

A

individual’s response to unconscious forces

52
Q

define RESISTANCE

A

blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

53
Q

define INTERPRETATION

A

therapist analysis of info and give feedback on meaning to give insight

54
Q

define TRANSFERENCE

A

pt’s transfer to therapist of emotions that arise

55
Q

what are the 3 aspects of psychoanalysis theory

A

psychodynamic therapy, insight therapy, client-centered therapy

56
Q

purpose of insight therapy

A

increase awareness of underlying motives and defenses

57
Q

active listening composes of

A

echo, restate, and clarify

58
Q

what are the 2 components of client-centered therapy

A

active listening and unconditional positive regard

59
Q

define BEHAVIOR THERAPY

A

learning principles to eliminate bad behavior

60
Q

list types of behavior therapy

A
  • counter-conditioning
  • exposure therapy
  • systemic desensitization
  • VR exposure therapy
  • aversive conditioning
  • token economy
61
Q

define COUNTER-CONDITIONING

A

pair behavior with different stimulus

62
Q

define EXPOSURE THERAPY

A

expose to fear rather abruptly

63
Q

define SYSTEMIC DESENSITIZATION

A

associate pleasant relaxed state w/gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli

64
Q

define VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY

A

VR simulation induces triggers

65
Q

define AVERSIVE CONDITIONING

A

associate unpleasant state w/unwanted behavior

66
Q

define TOKEN ECONOMY

A

token for desired behaviors able to be traded in

67
Q

define COGNITIVE THERAPY

A

teach new and more adaptive ways of thinking based on assumption that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions

68
Q

define RATIONAL EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY

A

vigorously challenges ppl’s illogical self-defeating attitudes and assumptions to change negative thinking to positive thinking to change emotional response to own thoughts about event

69
Q

define COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

A

how you act and how you think

70
Q

define GROUP THERAPY

A

provides benefits from group interactions

71
Q

define FAMILY THERAPY

A

tx ppl in context of family with the idea that behavior is influenced by/directed at other family

72
Q

difference between group therapy and self-help groups

A

group therapy is led by therapist and self-help groups are not

73
Q

define SOLUTIONS FOCUSED THERAPY

A

problem can be resolved through goal setting and changing attitudes

74
Q

define PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

A

study of effects of drugs on mind

75
Q

antipsychotics tx

A

schizophrenia

76
Q

antianxiety controls

A

agitation

77
Q

antidepressants tx

A

depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD

78
Q

antipsychotics work by

A

blocking dopamine receptors

79
Q

give examples of antipsychotics

A

Abilify, Zeldox, Risperdal, Seroquel, Haloperidol

80
Q

how do antianxieties work

A

benzodiazepines enhance GABA producing calming effect

81
Q

list examples of antianxiety meds

A

Rivotril, Xanax, Ativan, Lectopam

82
Q

how do antidepressants work

A

increase serotonin and norepinephrine

83
Q

give examples of antidepressants

A

Prozac, luvox, celexa, Zoloft

84
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are also

A

second generation antidepressant

85
Q

define ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY

A

biomedical therapy for severe depression causing mild controlled seizure in anesthetized pt

86
Q

define REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION

A

pulses of magnetic of energy to stimulate suppressed brain activity

87
Q

define PSYCHOSURGERY

A

remove/destroy brain tissue

88
Q

define EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING (EMDR)

A

pt watches back and forth light while talking on experience generally used for PTSD but is controversial and skeptical

89
Q

define META ANALYSIS

A

procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies

90
Q

what is the best way to analyze effectiveness of different types of therapies

A

meta-analysis

91
Q

define EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

A

clinical decision process looking at best available current research, clinical and trained expertise, pt’s characteristics, personality, and preferences to make therapeutic stolutions

92
Q

cognitive therapies are best used for

A

anxiety, PTSD, MDD, insomnia

93
Q

behavior therapies are best used for

A

bed wetting, phobia, compulsion, marital problems

94
Q

psychodynamic therapies are best used for

A

chronic MDD, anxiety

95
Q

non-directive counseling are best used for

A

mild-moderate depression

96
Q

define THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE

A

trust and mutual understanding between therapist and client to work together

97
Q

what is the greatest indicator of success in therapy

A

therapeutic alliance

98
Q

define RESILIENCE

A

ability to cope w/stress and recover from adversity and trauma

AP PSYCH (12 decks)

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