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Test Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ IS THE IDEA THAT GENETICS INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR WHILE ____ IS THE IDEA THAT OUR ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES BEHAVIOR
a) nurture v nature
b) nature v nurture
c) sociocultural v psychological
d) heredity v hormones

A

b) nature v nurture

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2
Q

THE DIFFERENT VIEWS FOR ANALYZING BEHAVIOR ARE THE..
a) biopsychosocial approach
b) psychodynamic approach
c) evolutionary approach
d) behavioralism

A

a) biopsychosocial approach

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3
Q

PSYCHOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF..
a) theoretical properties of space and time
b) functions of human anatomy
c) human mind and behavior
d) psychic phenomenon

A

c) human mind and behavior

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4
Q

____ WAS CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY
a) william james
b) sigmund freud
c) wilhelm wundt
d) rene descartes

A

c) wilhelm wundt

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5
Q

_____ IS LIKE TAKING A CAR APART AND LOOKING AT ITS PIECES WHILE ____ IS LIKE TESTING DIFFERENT THINGS THE CAR CAN AND IS SUPPOSED TO DO
a) behaviorism v psychoanalysis
b) heredity v environment
c) structuralism v functionalism
d) nature v nurture

A

c) structuralism v functionalism

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6
Q

____ IS STUDY OF RELATIVE POWER & LIMITS OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR
a) psychoanalysis
b) behavior genetics
c) objective truth
d) bias

A

b) behavior genetics

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7
Q

OBJECTIVE TRUTH IS:
a) individual perceptions of reality that each person has
b) idea objects are consistent
c) reality of universe
d) concept of truth independent of individual perspective

A

d) concept of truth independent of individual perspective

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8
Q

ALL OF FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF BIAS EXCEPT
a) genetics
b) religion
c) race
d) money

A

a) genetics

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9
Q

describe the idea behind school of behaviorism

A

idea all behavior can be conditioned and that psychologists should only observe to keep psychology an objective science

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10
Q

BILLY BELIEVES THAT HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS GENERATED IN OUR UNCONSCIOUS MINDS AND IS RESULT OF UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS AND DESIRES ESP ROOTED IN CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE. WHICH PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE IS BILLIE MOST LIKELY TO PRESCRIBE?
a) sociocultural
b) cognitive
c) psychodynamic
d)evolutionary

A

d) psychodynamic

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11
Q

AVA IS INTERESTED IN DETERMINING IF MUSIC HELPS PPL STUDY. TO DO THIS, SHE USES HELP OF 20 STUDENTS IN HER PSYCH CLASS. 1/2 PPL STUDY W/MUSIC IN BACKGROUND FOR AN HOUR AND THE OTHER 1/2 STUDY W/NO MUSIC FOR AN HOUR. WHAT IS THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
a) music v no music
b) group that studied w/music
c) group that studied w/o music
d) scores on exam

A

a) music v no music

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY FORM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH THAT CAN DETERMINE CAUSE & EFFECT
a) survey
b) longitudinal study
c) correlational study
d) experimental
e) comparative

A

d) experimental

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13
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY THAT PSYCHOLOGISTS USE
a) mean
b) median
c) standard deviation
d) variability

A

d) variability

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14
Q

WHAT QUALIFIES A STUDY AS VALID
a) measures what it claims to measure
b) succeeds
c) proves hypothesis
d) conducted under strict conditions

A

a) measures what it claims to measure

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15
Q

WHAT TYPE OF STUDY INVOLVES WATCHING PARTICIPANTS TO SEE HOW THEY BEHAVE
a) case study
b) experiment
c) naturalistic observation
d) questionnaire

A

c) naturalistic observation

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16
Q

ISAAC STUDIES HOW THICKNESS OF BEAKS OF 1 BIRD SPECIES HAS UNDERGONE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT. WHAT APPROACH IS THIS?
a) behavioral
b) biological
c) evolutionary
d) humanistic

A

c) evolutionary

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17
Q

IF THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND MODE ARE IDENTICAL, WHAT KIND OF DISTRIBUTION IS PRESENT
a) ideal
b) negatively skewed
c) normal
d) positively skewed

A

c) normal distribution

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18
Q

IN A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, WHAT IS THE % OF SCORES THAT LIE WITHIN 1 STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE MEAN?
a) 24
b) 30
c) 50
d) 68

A

d) 68%

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19
Q

WE’VE COMPARED 2 SETS OF DATA IN A CORRELATIONAL STUDY & FOUND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF +.83. WE CAN LEGITIMATELY CONCLUDE THAT THERE IS WHAT KIND OF RELATIONSHIP
a) strong negative correlation
b) no correlation
c) strong positive correlation
d) weak negative correlation
e) weak positive correlation

A

c) strong positive correlation

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20
Q

SAVANNAH IS INTERESTED IN KNOWING HOW WIDELY THE ACADEMIC APTITUDE OF STUDENTS VARY. WHICH STATISTICAL METHOD SHOULD SHE USE TO DETERMINE HOW MUCH SAT SCORES VARY FROM SCHOOL’S AVG SAT SCORE?
a) correlation coefficient
b) mean
c) median
d) standard deviation

A

d) standard deviation

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21
Q

WHAT METHOD SHOULD STOCK USE IF HE WAS INTERESTED IN TESTING WHETHER A SPECIFIC REWARD IN A CLASS CAUSES STUDENTS TO BEHAVE BETTER?
a) case study
b) experiment
c) survey
d) naturalistic observation

A

b) experiment

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22
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF PLACEBO EFFECT

A

participants in drug study are given an inert pill instead of drug and behaves as though they were given the drug

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23
Q

MONDAY MORNING QUARTERBACKS RARELY ACT SURPRISED ABOUT AN OUTCOME OF A WEEKEND GAME. THE TENDENCY TO BELIEVE THEY “KNEW IT ALL ALONG” IS BEST EXPLAINED BY
a) overconfidence
b) hindsight bias
c) illusionary correlation
d) common sense

A

b) hindsight bias

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24
Q

t/f: “participants should always be informed of the hypothesis of the study before they agree to particpate” is an ethical principal of human experimentation

A

false

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25
Q

A STARVING RAT WILL LOSE ALL INTEREST IN FOOD IF WHAT PART OF ITS BRAIN IS DESTROYED?
a) lateral thalamus
b) ventromedial thalamus
c) lateral hypothalamus
d) occipital tract
e) association areas

A

c) lateral hypothalamus

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26
Q

WHAT IS SAID TO BE A GAUGE OF HOW WE FEEL ABOUT OURSELVES AND HOW SOCIALLY ACCEPTED WE FEEL?
a) set point
b) homeostasis
c) reproductive potential
d) self esteem
e) belongingness measure

A

d) self esteem

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27
Q

ACCORDING TO THE TWO-FACTOR THEORY, THE 2 BASIC COMPONENTS OF EMOTION ARE ____ AND ___
a) cognitive appraisal/physical arousal
b) emotion arousal/overt behavior
c) facial expressions/cognitive appraisal
d) emotion arousing events/physical arousal

A

a) cognitive appraisal/physical arousal

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28
Q

THE UNIVERSALLY UNDERSTANDABLE LANGUAGE OF HUMAN EMOTION CONSISTS OF
a) body posture
b) facial expressions
c) hand gestures
d) music and dance
e) tone of voice

A

b) facial expressions

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29
Q

7 MONTHS AGO, 15 YR OLD KATIE WENT ON DRASTIC WEIGHT LOSS DIET THAT CAUSED HER TO DROP FROM 110 TO 85 LBS. ALTHOUGH SHE IS NOW DANGEROUSLY UNDERWEIGHT & UNDERNOURISHED, SHE CONTINUES TO THINK SHE LOOKS FAT. KATIE MOST CLEARLY SUFFERS FROM WHAT DISORDER?
a) abnormally low set point
b) anorexia nervosa
c) bulimia nervosa
d) hypermetabolism

A

b) anorexia nervosa

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30
Q

DURING AN EMERGENCY, INCREASED LEVELS OF EMOTIONAL AROUSAL ARE LIKELY TO BE ACCOMPANIED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
a) constriction of pupils
b) decrease in blood sugar
c) decrease in respiration
d) increase in saliva
e) slowing digestion

A

e) slowing digestion

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31
Q

TYLER HAS JUST EATEN A HUGE MEAL BUT GETS THE URGE TO EAT WHEN HE SMELLS FRESH POPCORN AT A MOVIE. PSYCHOLOGISTS WOULD CONSIDER TYLER A
a) external eater
b) morbidly obese
c) suffering from reverse anorexia nervosa
d) suffering from bulimia nervosa

A

a) external eater

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32
Q

LEPTIN IS A CHEMICAL SECRETED BY FAT CELLS & RECOGNIZED IN BRAIN AS SIGNAL OF SATIETY. LAB EXPERIMENTS SHOW IF LEPTIN RECEPTORS IN HYPOTHALAMUS ARE BLOCKED THEN THE ANIMAL WILL
a) avoid novel foods
b) be unable to break down carbs
c) eat excessively & develop obesity
d) gradually starve to death

A

c) eat excessively & develop obesity

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33
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS BEST DEPICTS EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
a) carlos drank 2 water bottles after practice bc he was thirsty
b) april studied hard bc her parents pay her $20 for each A she gets at the end of the semester
c) despite low grades, Whitni continues to study bc she is interested

A

b) april studied hard bc her parents pay her $20 for each A she gets

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34
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS PROVIDES THE BEST EXPLANATION FOR WHY PPL SEEK TO PUT ON WARMER CLOTHING WHEN THEY FEEL COLD?
a) set-point theory
b) homeostasis
c) assimilation
d) accommodation

A

b) homeostasis

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35
Q

PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN SHOWS PARENTS HITTING A PILLOW INSTEAD OF THEIR CHILD IN RESPONSE TO ANGER DEMONSTRATES AN AGGRESSION THEORY KNOWN AS
a) catharsis
b) diffusion
c) distraction
e) rumination

A

a) catharsis

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36
Q

WHEN ALL PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS ARE MET PPL TEND TO BE CONCERNED W/WHAT (MASLOW)
a) esteem needs
b) safety needs
c) social needs
d) self actualization needs

A

d) self-actualization needs

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37
Q

MIA WAS FRIGHTENED BY SCARY MOVIE AND HER HPA AXIS RESPONDED BY
a) produce less sweat
b) increase digestion
c) slow heart rate
d) dilate pupils

A

a) produce less sweat

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38
Q

OUR BODIES MAKE US THIRSTY WHEN OUR WATER LEVELS ARE LOW IS AN EXAMPLE OF ___ THEORY
a) drive-reduction theory
b) arousal theory
c) homeostasis
d) instinct theory

A

a) drive-reduction theory

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39
Q

WILLIAM JAMES AND CARL LANGE ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR THEORY STATING THAT
a) physiological arousal precedes emotional instability
b) physiological arousal precedes emotion
c) emotional instability precedes physiological arousal

A

c) physiological arousal precedes emotion

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40
Q

WHAT DO WE CALL A NEED/DESIRE THAT ENERGIZES/DIRECTS BEHAVIOR
a) incentive
b) stress
c) motivation
e) instinct

A

c) motivation

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41
Q

STRESS HORMONES EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE ARE RELEASED FROM WHERE
a) pns
b) hippocampus
c) hypothalamus
d) adrenal glands

A

d) adrenal glands

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42
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT STRESS IS TRUE
a) surgical wounds heal slower
b) stress has no effect on those exposed to viruses
c) no correlation between stress and longevity
d) stress makes us more resistant to infection & heart disease

A

a) surgical wounds heal more slowly in stressed people

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43
Q

KRISTINA IS EXPERIENCING VERY POSITIVE EMOTIONS. A BRAIN SCAN WOULD INDICATE HIGH LEVELS OF ACTIVITY IN HER
a) right temporal lobe
b) cerebellum
c) left frontal lobe
d) left temporal lobe
e) right parietal lobe

A

c) left frontal lobe

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44
Q

WHICH PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT WOULD PREDICT THAT SMILING WARMLY ON THE OUTSIDE WOULD CAUSE YOU TO FEEL BETTER ON THE INSIDE?
a) relative deprivation
b) mimicry
c) facial feedback effect
d) cartharsis

A

c) facial feedback effect

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45
Q

WHAT THEORY EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF COGNITION ON EMOTION
a) james-lange
b) arousal and performance
c) fight or flight
e) schacter-singer’s two factor

A

e) schachter-singer’s two factor

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46
Q

STOCK HAS BEEN ON A DIET FOR SEVERAL MONTHS AND LOST 200 LBS. WHAT IS HAPPENING TO HIS FAT CELLS
a) number increasing
b) number decreasing
c) fat cells store excess glucose
d) number remains constant
e) fat cells divide to increase

A

d) number remains constant

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47
Q

ACCORDING TO YERKES-DOBSON LAW
a) performance on an easy task is best when pressure is low
b) performance is gen best when pressure is low
c) performance generally best when moderate amount of pressure
d) difficult tasks get easier w/time

A

d) performance generally best when there is moderate amount of pressure

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48
Q

ALGORITHMS ARE
a) heurisitc
b) mental set
c) rule of thumb
d)mechanical solution
e) means-ends analysis of problem solving

A

e) means-ends analysis of problem solving

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49
Q

WHICH HEURISTIC CAN BE USED TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN STEREOTYPES
a) insight
b) availability
c) representative
d) means-ends analysis
e) working backwards from goal

A

c) representative

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50
Q

WHEN PPL PERSIST IN TRYING TO SOLVE A PROBLEM THE SAME WAY THEY HAVE ALWAYS GONE ABOUT SOLVING PROBLEMS, THEY HAVE DEVELOPED
a) mental set
b) functional fixedness
c) confirmation bias
d) transformation bias

A

a) mental set

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51
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WOULD BE MOST LIKELY TO PRODUCE DIVERGENT THINKING?
a) what is a stapler
b) what does a stapler look like
c) how many uses can you think of for a stapler?

A

c) how many uses can you think of for a stapler?

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52
Q

ASSUMING CORRECT SOLUTION IS AVAILABLE, WHICH PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY WILL ALWAYS RESULT IN CORRECT SOLUTION?
a) insight
b) heuristic
c) algorithm
d) trial and error

A

c) algorithm

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53
Q

IF YOU WANTED TO MEMORIZE A STRING OF 20 NUMBERS, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD MOST LIKELY HELP YOU ENCODE THOSE NUMBERS IN SHORT TERM MEMORY?
a) chunking
b) rote rehearsal
c) divided attention
d) encoding specificity
e) state dependent cues

A

a) chunking

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54
Q

WHAT DID HERMAN EBBINGHAUS DISCOVER ABOUT FORGETTING?
a) forgetting occurs rapidly as time goes by
b) forgetting occurs gradually at first but increases in speed
c) forgetting occurs quickly at first but slows down over time
d) forgetting occurs most quickly one day after learning info

A

c) forgetting occurs quickly at first but slows down over time

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55
Q

THE MAIN TYPE OF MEMORY PROBLEM THAT PPL W/DEMENTIA, INCLUDING ALZHEIMERS TYPICALLY HAVE IS CALLED ___
a) psychogenic amnesia
b) retrograde amnesia
c) retractive amnesia
d) anterograde amnesia

A

d) anterograde amnesia

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56
Q

FOR YEARS, SAVANNAH USED THE SAME COMPUTER SYSTEM. HER NEW COMPUTER HAS A NEW SYSTEM. HOWEVER SAVANNAH KEEPS LOOKING FOR THE OLD SYSTEM’S PROGRAMS. SAVANNAH’S LEARNING PROCESS IS BEING INHIBITED BY
a) encoding failure
b) memory trace decay
c) proactive interference
d) retroactive interference

A

c) proactive interference

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57
Q

MICHAEL DIDN’T PAY ATTENTION TO LINCOLN WHEN HE WAS SPEAKING. AS A RESULT, MICHAEL “FORGOT” WHAT LINCOLN SAID. MICHAEL’S EXPERIENCE IS AN EXAMPLE OF
a) encoding failure
b) memory trace decay
c) proactive interference
d) retrograde amnesia

A

a) encoding failure

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58
Q

KATIE IS TRYING TO HOLD THE NAME OF THE STUDENTS SHE JUST MET IN HER PSYCH CLASS IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY. ACCORDING TO STUDIES, WHERE IN BRAIN WILL THESE SHORT-TERM MEMORIES BE STORED
a) medulla and brain stem
b) amygdala and central sulcus
d) hippocampus and pons
d) prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe

A

d) prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe

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59
Q

THE CASE OF HM, A FAMOUS AMNESIAC, HELPED RESEARCHERS DISCOVER A CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FORMATION OF NEW LONG-TERM DECLARATIVE MEMORIES AND THE
a) medulla
b) amygdala
c) cerebellum
d) hippocampus

A

d) hippocampus

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60
Q

SUBJECTS VIEWED A SLIDE PRESENTATION OF AN ACCIDENT. LATER SOME SUBJECTS WERE ASKED A QUESTION ABOUT A YIELD SIGN WHICH WAS ACTUALLY A STOP SIGN. WHEN THESES SAME SUBJECTS WERE ASKED WHAT SIGN WAS AT THE ACCIDENT, THEY WERE LIKELY TO BE CONFUSED. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
a) instant replay effect
b) hindsight bias effect
c) misinformation effect

A

c) misinformation effect

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61
Q

TO ENSURE GOOD RETRIEVAL OF MATH CONCEPTS LILY LEARNED IN CLASS, THE BEST PLACE FOR HER TO TAKE THE MATH FINAL IS
a) any classroom as long as teacher is present
b) special testing used for school exams
c) math classroom in same seat
d) auditorium

A

c) math classroom in same seat

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62
Q

OMEGA CAN REMEMBER THE NAMES OF FIRST 2 PEOPLE SHE WAS INTRODUCED TO AT CALEB’S BDAY PARTY AND THE LAST PERSON SHE MET. EVERYBODY INBETWEEN IS FUZZY, THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
a) cocktail party effect
b) serial position effect
c) tip of the tongue effect

A

b) serial position effect

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63
Q

WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT FLASHBULB MEMORIES IS CORRECT
a) they form during major emotional events
b) more accurate then other memories
c) only formed during adulthood
d) rarely conded into long-term memory

A

a) they are formed during major emotional events

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64
Q

WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY CAN A PERSON USE TO KEEP THE FLOW OF CONVERSATION GOING BY ALLOWING THE PERSON TO REMEMBER WHAT WAS JUST SAID?
a) iconic memory
b) echoic memory
c) procedural memory
d) network memory
e) long-term memory

A

b) echoic memory

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65
Q

DESTINY LEARNED HER MULTIPLICATION TABLES BY REPEATING THEM OVER AND OVER UNTIL MEMORIZED. WHAT METHOD DID SHE USE?
a) deep process
b) procedural processing
c) elaborative rehearsal
d) maintenance rehearsal

A

d) maintenance rehearsal

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66
Q

WHICH IS EXAMPLE OF IMPLICIT MEMORY?
a) know how to ride bike
b) multiply 2 times 4
c) knowing best friends name

A

know how to ride a bike

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67
Q

ACCORDING TO GEORGE MILLER, ABOUT HOW MANY PIECES OF INFO CAN HUMANS HOLD IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY AT ANY ONE TIME
a) one
b) five
c) seven
d) ten

A

c) seven

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68
Q

ACCORDING TO NOAM CHOMSKY, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OCCURS MOST ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF
a) exposure to language in early childhood
b) instructions on gramar
c) reinforcement for babbling
d) imitation and drill
e) linguistic determinism

A

e) linguistic determinism

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69
Q

WHEN ASKED TO THINK OF A DESK, MANY STUDENTS THINK OF CLASS DESKS. THIS ILLUSTRATES THAT THEIR SCHOOL DESKS FORMED THEIR ____ OF A DESK
a) phoneme
b) heurisitc
c) concept
d) prototype

A

d) prototype

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70
Q

RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF THE AMYGDALA IN MEMORY FOUND THAT
a) amygdala help process memories of happy experiences
b) amygdala support Freud’s ideas about memory bc they allow us to repress traumatic memories
c) amygdala produce long-term potentiation
d) amygdala help make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses

A

d) amygdala help make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses

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71
Q

ALTHOUGH RYLAND WAS SITTING RIGHT NEXT TO HIS GIRLFRIEND, HE SMELLED A SKUNK MINUTES BEFORE SHE DID. RYLAND HAS A LOWER ___ FOR SKUNK ODOR THAN HIS WIFE.
a) accommodation level
b) absolute threshold
c) adaption level
d) tolerance level

A

b) absolute threshold

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72
Q

AFTER FEELING COLD WATER AGAINST YOUR SKIN WHEN YOU FIRST JUMP INTO THE POOL, AFTERA A FEW MIN YOU NO LONGER FEEL COLD. THIS BEST SHOWS
a) accommodation
b) sensory adaptation
c) transduction
d) just noticeable difference

A

b) sensory adaptation

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73
Q

WHAT ARE 2 TYPES OF RECEPTORS IN THE EYE
a) cones and rods
b) disks and cones
c) cones and poles

A

a) cones and rods

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73
Q

WHAT IS THE PROCESS WHICH WE RECOGNIZE, INTERPRET, AND ORGANIZE OUR SENSATIONS
a) perception
b) sorting
c) sensation
d) threshold

A

a) perception

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74
Q

WHAT CARRIES INFO FOR RODS AND CONES TO BRAIN
a) afferent neurons
b) bipolar cells
c) glial cells
d) optic nerve

A

d) optic nerve

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75
Q

MADELYN LIKES TO LOOK AT THE STARS AT NIGHT. SINCE IT’S DARK SHE USES WHICH CELLS IN THE EYE TO LOOK
a) cones
b) fovea
c) peripheral
d) retina
e) rods

A

e) rods

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76
Q

A CONDITION WHICH PERSON EXPERIENCES THE GESTALT PHENOMENON CALLED CLOSURE WOULD INVOLVE
a) circle w/about 1/8th line omitted
b) square w/diagonal lines to opposite corners
c) triangle w/dot in middle
d) intersecting lines

A

a) circle w/about 1/8th of line omitted

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77
Q

CARLOS IS LOOKING AT CIRCLES ON PAPER. WHEN HE LOOKS AT 1 ANGLE THEY LOOK LIKE CRATERS AND FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE THEY LOOK LIKE BUMPS. WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF CHANGE IN PERCEPTION
a) convergence
b) light and shadow
c) linear perspective
d) relative position

A

b) light and shadow

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78
Q

WHAT IS A MONOCULAR CUE FOR DEPTH PERCEPTION
a) assimilation
b) accommodation
c) convergence
d) interposition

A

d) interposition

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79
Q

WHITNI IS LOOKING AT A 2D PIC OF RAILROAD TRACK. IT APPEARS AS IF TRACK IS HEADING OFF INTO THE DISTANCE. WHAT EXPLAINS THIS PHENOMENON?
a) closure
b) linear perspective
c) motion parallax
d) phi phenomenon

A

b) linear perspective

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80
Q

IN A 2D PIC OF A RAILROAD TRACK, A SMALL OBJECT IS PERCEIVED BY A PERSON AS A TRAIN. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT
a) accommodation
b) closure
c) continuity
d) motion parallax
e) size constancy

A

size constancy

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81
Q

WHAT IS THE PHI PHENOMENON
a) deals w/experiences common to state of alpha-wave relaxation
b) occurs in response to spot of light in darkened room
c) occurs in response to sequentially flashing light

A

b) occurs in response to spot of light in a darkened room

82
Q

PHYSICAL STIMULUS IS CONVERTED INTO A NEURAL IMPULSE THROUGH THE PROCESS KNOWN AS
a) transposition
b) transaction
c) transduction
d) transference

A

c) transduction

83
Q

UMAMI IS DEFINED AS
a) small membrane separating parts of ear
b) species of chimpanzee
c) neurotransmitter
e) one of the 5 basic tastes

A

e) one of the 5 basic tastes

84
Q

BRITTANY HAS JUST BEEN PRESENTED W/A 1,100 HZ TONE. SHE NOTICES A DIFFERENCE AT 1,150 HZ. THEREFORE 50 HZ IS BRITTANY’S
a) absolute threshold
b) detection threshold
c) accommodation threshold
d) difference threshold

A

d) difference threshold

85
Q

APRIL CAN DETECT THE POSITION OF HER LEG AND FOOT AS SHE WALKS. THIS FEEDBACK ARISES FROM THIS SENSE
a) cerebellar
b) kinesthetic
c) olfactory
d) vestibular

A

b) kinesthetic

86
Q

THOMAS YOUNG AND HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ PROPOSED A THEORY OF PERCEPTION. WHAT YOUNG-HEMHOLTZ THEORY IS CONCERNED?
a) color perception
b) depth perception
c) encoding
d) size vs shape

A

a) color perception

87
Q

LIST THE CORRECT PATH OF LIGHT THROUGH THE EYE

A

cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

88
Q

DELANEY IS EATING FRUIT. AFTER A WHILE SHE NOTICES THE FRUIT TASTES LESS SWEET AND TANGY THAN IT DID AT FIRST. DELANEY IS EXPERIENCING
a) habituation
b) accommodation
c) sensory adaptation
d) perceptive sensation

A

c) sensory adaptation

89
Q

PAIN SENSATIONS IN THE SKIN, MUSCLES, TENDONS, AND JOINTS ARE CARRIED ON LARGE NERVE FIBERS ARE CALLED
a) visceral pain
b) somatic pain
c) referred pain
d) phantom pain

A

b) somatic pain

90
Q

WHAT IS NOT A MONOCULAR CUE FOR DEPTH?
a) overlap
b) convergence
c) texture gradient
d) motion parallax
e) linear perspective

A

b) convergence

91
Q

THE FIRST TIME CARLOS HAD TO PUT TOGETHER A BIKE, IT TOOK A LONG TIME. NOW HE BUILT SEVERAL AND CAN DO IT QUICKLY AND EASILY. THE IMPROVED SPEED AND SKILL CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO
a) perceptual set
b) perceptual expectancy
c) top-down processing
d) bottom up processing
e) atmospheric perspective

A

C) top down processing

92
Q

MADELYN IS WAITING FOR HER FRIEND AT THE MALL. SHE LISTENS FOR THE SOUND OF HER NAME. SHE HEARS A WORD SOUNDING LIKE HER NAME AND TURNS AROUND BUT IT’S A STRANGER TO A CHILD. WHAT INFLUENCED MADELYN’S CONVICTION SHE HEARD HER OWN NAME
a) monocular cues
b) gestalt principles
c) autokinetic effect
d0 perceptual expectancy

A

b) gestalt principles

93
Q

TENDENCY TO PERCEIVE QUARTER AS BEING ROUND EVEN WHEN IT IS VIEWED AT AN ANGLE
a) continuity
b) shape constancy
c) depth perception
d) linear perspective

A

b) shape constancy

94
Q

YOU HAVE TO ADD 1 TSP OF SUGAR TO COFFEE ALREADY W/5TSP OF SUGAR TO NOTICE DIFFERENCE IN SWEETNESS 50% OF TIIME. IF YOU HAVE COFEE W/10 TSP OF SUGAR, HOW MANY TSP WOULD YOU HAVE TO ADD TO NOTICE DIFFERENCE AT LEAST 1/2 TIME
a) 1
b) 2
c) 5
d) 10

A

b) 2

95
Q

THE THIN MEMBRANE STRETCHED OVER OPENING TO INNER EAR IS CALLED
a) pinna
b) stirrup
c) cochlea
d) oval window
e) tympanic membrane

A

e) tympanic membrane

96
Q

WHICH IS MOST LIKELY TO BE COLOR BLIND?
a) man whose mother is color blind
b) man whose father is color blind
c) woman whose mom is color blind
d) woman whose dad is color blind

A

a) man whose mom is color blind

97
Q

BOYS ARE MOST LIKELY TO OUTPERFORM GIRLS IN AN
a) essay contest
b) chess tournament
c) speed-reading
d) spelling bee
e) speech giving contest

A

b) chess tournament

98
Q

CONDITION INVOLVING INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY CAUSED BY EXTRA CHROMOSOME IS CALLED
a) flynn effect
b) functional fixedness
c) down syndrome
b) savant syndrome
e) autism

A

c) down syndrome

99
Q

POSTMORTEM BRAIN ANALYSES REVEAL HIGHLY EDUCATED PPL HAVE ___ WHEN THEY DIE THAN LESS EDUCATED PEERS
a) less neural plasticity
b) more synapses
c) less gray matter
d) larger neurons

A

b) more synapses

100
Q

RESEARCHES ASSESS CORRELATION BETWEEN SCORES OBTAINED ON ALTERNATE FORMS OF SAME TEST TO MEASURE ___ OF TEST
a) content validity
b) predictive validity
c) normal distribution
d) standardization
e) reliability

A

b) predictive validity

101
Q

WHEN MCGUIRE ASKS HER STUDENTS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS SHE CAN TELL FROM THEIR FACE WHERE THEY ARE HAPPY. HER PERCEPTUAL SKILL BEST ILLUSTRATES
a) analytical intelligence
b) reliability
c) emotional intelligence
d) factor analysis

A

c) emotional intelligence

102
Q

EXPERTS WHO DEFEND INTELLIGENCE TESTS AGAINST THE CHARGE OF BEING CULTURALLY BIASED AND DISCRIMINATORY WOULD BE MOST LIKELY TO HIGHLIGHT THE ___ OF INTELLIGENCE TESTS
a) factor analysis
b) content validity
c) predicitve validity
d) reliability
e) cultural ilters

A

b) content validity

103
Q

WHEN COMPLETING VERBAL APTITUDE TEST, PPL OF ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS PARTICULARLY LIKE TO PERFORM TRUE ABILITY IF THEY BELIEVE TEST
a) is a measure of emotional intelligence as well as academic intelligence
b) assess their interests as well as abilities
c) biased against members of own ethnic group
d) result in distribution of scores form a bell-shaped curve

A

c) biased against members of own ethnic group

104
Q

IT WOULD BE REASONABLE TO SUGGEST THE FLYNN EFFECT DUE IN PART TO
a) deteriorating quality of parental involvement in kid’s education
b) increasingly improved childhood health & nutrition
c) decreasing reliance on single test score as index of mental aptitudes
d) failure to restandarize existing intelligence tests

A

b) increasingly improved childhood health and nutrition

105
Q

INTERVENTIONS PROMOTE INTELLIGENCE TEACH EARLY TEENS THAT BRAIN IS LIKE A MUSCLE THAT STRENGTHENS W/USE. THE IDEA IS DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE TEENS TO VIEW INTELLIGENCE AS
a) reflection of g factor
b) biologically determined capacity
c) changeable over time
d) distributed in bell-shaped pattern

A

c) changeable over time

106
Q

INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES OF ADOPTED KIDS ARE LEAST LIKELY TO BE POSITIVELY CORRELATED W/SCORES OF ADOPTIVE SIBLINGS DURING
a) early kids
b) mid kid
c) early adolescence
d) middle adolescence
e) early adulthood

A

e) early adulthood

107
Q

TERMAN’S OBSERVATION OF 1500 CALIFORNIA KIDS W/IQ SCORES OVER 135 CONTRADICTED THE POPULAR NOTION THAT INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED KIDS ARE TYPICALLY
a) socially maladjusted
b) physically healthy
c) verbally skilled
d) in a different world

A

a) socially maladjusted

108
Q

RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT WOMEN ARE MORE SKILLED THAN MEN AT
a) avoiding emotional uncertainty
b) preventing emotions from distorting reasoning
c) interpreting other’s facial expressions of emotions
d) delaying emotional gratification in pursuit of long term

A

c) interpreting others’ facial expressions of emotions

109
Q

IMPACT OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON INTELLIGENCE IS MOST APPARENT AMONG YOUNG KIDS WHO EXPERIENCE
a) stereotype threat
b) savant syndrome
c) mozart effect
d) minimal interaction w/caregivers
e) genetic predisposition toward low IQ

A

d) minimal interaction w/caregivers

110
Q

25 YEAR OLD ALEXANDRA IS MENTALLY HANDICAPPED AND ILLITERATE. HOWEVER AFTER HEARING LENGTH UNFAMILIAR AND COMPLEX MUSIC JUST ONCE SHE CAN REPRODUCE IT ON PIANO. IT IS LIKELY SHE IS
a) gifted w/superior level of Spearman’s g factor
b) demonstrate high level of emotional intelligence
c) above average in capacity for inductive reasoning
d) someone w/savant syndrome

A

d) someone w/savant syndrome

111
Q

WHAT FINDING ABOUT NATURE OF RACE IS EVIDENCE THAT THE GAP ON THE IQ TEST IS CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN ENVIRONMENTS
a) IQ is positively correlated w/analytical intelligence
b) genetic markers define differences between races
c) hereditary predispositions for intelligence tend to influence analytical intelligence
d) twin studies show identical twins are more similar in IQ than fraternal
e) race is a social category not a biological one

A

e) race is a social category, not a biological one

112
Q

WHEN ANDY BECOMES UPSET ABOUT A POOR GRADE, HE TYPICALLY FAILS TO REALIZE THAT HE FEELS SCARED. THIS LACK OF SELF-INSIGHT BEST ILLUSTRATES AN INADEQUATE LEVEL OF
a) g factor
b) analytical intelligence
c) factor analysis
d) emotional intelligence

A

d) emotional intelligence

113
Q

WHAT BEST ILLUSTRATES STERNBERG CONCEPT OF ANALYTICAL INTELLIGENCE
a) trudy receives lower grades in PE than other course
b) freda effectively motivates her sales staff
d) selma solves complicated math problems
e) nicole completes a driving test

A

d) selma solves complicated math problems

114
Q

RESEARCH ON THE DETERMINANTS OF INTELLIGENCE INDICATES
a) concern over nature-nurture issue declined significantly
b) both genes and environment have some influence on intelligence
c) no scientific method for answering nature-nurture question for particular range of individuals

A

b) both genes and environment have some influence on intelligence

115
Q

TESTS DESIGNED TO ASSESS WHAT A PERSON HAS LEARNED ARE CALLED __ TESTS
a) factor analysis
b) aptitude
c) standarized
d) achievement
e) ability

A

d) achievement

116
Q

MELINDA COMPLETED COMPUTER PROGRAMMING APTITUDE TEST WHEN SHE APPLIED FOR A POSITION W/BETA ELECTRONIC. 6 MONTHS LATER SHE TOOK THE SAME TEST AND HER SCORES WERE ALMOST IDENTICAL SUGGESTING THE TEST HAS A HIGH DEGREE OF
a) content validity
b) reliability
c) predicitve validity
d) standardization

A

b) reliability

117
Q

PSYCHOLOGIST WHO DISAGREED W/SPEARMAN ABOUT NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE IDENTIFYING SEVEN CLUSTERS OF PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES (NOT TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE) RATHER THAN 1 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE FACTOR
a) howard gardner
b) LL Thurstone
c) Robert Sternberg
d) Kim Peek
e) Richard Wagner

A

b) LL Thurstone

118
Q

RESEARCH ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCE IN INTELLIGENCE INDICATES
a) desegregation has decreased academic achievement of black americans
b) avg mathematics achievement test scores of asians are notably higher than those of north americans
c) average vocab achievement test scores of north american and asains are about the same

A

b) average mathematics achievement test scores of asian children are notably higher than those of north american kids

119
Q

THE HERITABILITY OF INTELLIGENCE IS GREATEST AMONG
a) genetically identical individuals who have been raised in similar environments
b) genetically similar individuals who have been raised in dissimilar environments
c) genetically identical individuals who have been raised in dissimilar environments
d) genetically dissimilar individuals who have been raised in similar environments

A

a) genetically identical individuals who have been raised in similar environments

120
Q

5 YR OLD BENJY HAS AN IQ OF 120 ON THE OG VERSION OF STANFORD-BINET. HIS MENTAL AGE IS
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 9
e) 12

A

b) 6

121
Q

INTELLIGENCE TEST WERE INITIALLY DESIGNED BY BINET AND SIMON TO ASSESS
a) academic aptitude
b) inductive reasoning
c) emotional intelligence
d) savant syndrome

A

a) academic aptitude

122
Q

WITH INCREASING AGE, ADOPTED KIDS INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES BECOME __ CORRELATED W/ADOPTIVE PARENTS’ SCORES AND ___ CORRELATED W/THEIR BIOLOGICAL PARENT’S SCORES
a) more positively; more negatively
b) less positively; less positively
c) more negatively; less positively
d) less positively; more positively
e) more positively; more positively

A

d) less positively; more positively

123
Q

THE FLYNN EFFECT BEST ILLUSTRATES THE PROCESS OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING REQUIRES UP TO DATE
a) factor analyses
b) standardization samples
c) reliability indices
d) heritability estimates
e) intelligence quotients

A

e) intelligence quotients

124
Q

APTITUDE TESTS ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO
a) predict ability to learn a new skill
b) compare individual’s abilities w//those of highly successful people
c) assess learned knowledge/skills
d) assess ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
e) measure educational achievement

A

a) predict ability to learn a new skill

125
Q

THE WAIS WAS DESIGNED FOR TESTING ___ INTELLIGENCE, WEHEAS THE WISC WAS DESIGNED FOR TESTING ___ INTELLIGENCE
a) practical; creative
b) analytical; emotional
c) adults; children’s
d) Europeans; North American’s
e) interpersonal; intrapersonal

A

c) adults; childrens

126
Q

EXPERTS WOULD MOST LIKELY AGREE THAT INTELLIGENCE IS
a) inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests
b) mental ability to learn from experience
c) general trait underlying success on nearly any task
d) multiple array of completed independent adaptive traits

A

d) multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits

127
Q

SOME STUDIES INDICATE THAT A ROUGH INDICATOR OF INFANT’S LATER INTELLIGENCE IS THEIR
a) birth weight
b) readiness to sit up at early age
c) readiness to crawl at early age
d) preference for looking at a new rather than old picture
e) skull size at birth

A

d) preference to look at a new pic rather than old pic

128
Q

TEST MEASURING/PREDICTS WHAT IT IS SUPPOSED TO IS SAID TO HAVE A HIGH DEGREE OF
a) validity
b) standardization
c) reliability
d) factor analysis

A

a) validity

129
Q

THE HERITABILITY OF INTELLIGENCE REFERS TO
a) extent to which individual’s intelligence is attributal to genetic factors
b) percentage of variation in intelligence within group attributal to genetic factors
c) extent which a group’s intelligencece test

A

a) extent to which individual’s intelligence is attributal to genetic factors

130
Q

GIFTED CHILD PROGRAMS CAN LEAD TO ___ BY IMPLICITLY LABELING SOME STUDENTS AS UNGIFTED AND ISOLATING THEM FROM AN ENRICHED EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
a) standardization
b) flynn effect
c) factor analysis
d) self-fulfilling prophecies
e) savant syndrome

A

d) self-fulfilling prophecies

131
Q

BECAUSE INTELLIGENCE IS DEFINED ACCORDING TO THE ATTRIBUTES THAT ENABLE SUCCESS IN A CULTURE, PSYCHOLOGISTS CONSIDER INTELLIGENCE TO BE
a) neurologically determined
b) socially constructed
c) based on brain structure
d) form of neural plasticity
e) genetically predetermined

A

b) socially constructed

132
Q

KATIE IS DESCRIBED AS NEAT, FUSSY, AND NITPICKS. WHAT PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE WOULD SHE BE IN
a) oral
b) anal
c) phallic
d) latency
e) genital

A

b) anal

133
Q

IN WHAT STAGE OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT DOES THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IDENTIFICATION OCCUR
a) oral
b) anal
c) phallic
d) latency
e) genital

A

c) phallic

134
Q

IN WHAT PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE ARE SEXUAL FEELINGS REPRESSED
a) oral
b) anal
c) phallic
d) latency
e) genital

A

d) latency

135
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A WAY IN WHICH JUNG’S BELIEFS DIFFERED FROM FREUD
a) didn’t believe in archetypes
b) believed in eight psychosocial stages
c) didn’t believe in defense mechanisms
d) believe in collective unconscious
e) didn’t believe in Id, Ego, and Superego

A

d) believed in collective unconscious

136
Q

WHICH PSYCHOLOGIST TALKED ABOUT NEUROTIC PERSONALITIES AS MOVING TOWARD/AGAINST/AWAY FROM PPL
a) freud
b) jung
c) adler
d) erikson
e) horney

A

e) horney

137
Q

CALEB’S PARENTS TOLD HIM HE WENT TO A FUNERAL AT 9 YRS OLD BUT HE DOESN’T REMEMBER. FREUD WOULD MOST LIKELY ARGUE CALEB’S MEMORY IS IN THE
a) ego
b) superego
c) conscience
d) unconscious
e) preconscious

A

d) unconscious

138
Q

ACCORDING TO FREUD, WHICH PART OF PERSONALITY MAKES THE PERSON FEEL PRIDE WHEN DOING THE RIGHT THING
a) Id
b) ego
c) conscience
d) unconscious
e) preconscious

A

b) ego?

139
Q

ENDURING CHARACTERISTICS WHICH PPL ARE BORN IS CALLED
a) ethics
b) morality
c) character
d) personality
e) temperament

A

e) temperament

140
Q

WHAT OPERATES ON THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
a) Id
b) ego
c) superego
d) conscience

A

a) id

141
Q

BASED ON THE SOCIAL-COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE WHAT ARE TEH 3 PARTS OF RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM
a) behavior, self-esteem, control
b) environment, heredity, self-esteem
c) behavior, heredity, personal/cognitive factors
d) heredity, self-esteem, personal/cognitive factors
e) environment, behavior, personal/cognitive facotrs

A

e) environment, behavior, personal/cognitive factors

142
Q

IN ORDER FOR PPL TO BECOME FULLY FUNCTIONING THEY MUST RECEIVE
a) strong sense
b) positive reinforcement
c) reciprocal determinism
d) internal locus of control
e) unconditional positive regard

A

e) unconditional positive regard

143
Q

WHICH IS CONSIDERED A WEAKNESS OF HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
a) biased against women
b) unnecessarily pessimistic
c) not therapeutic application
d) difficult to test scientifically

A

d) difficult to test scientifically

144
Q

TRAITS CAN BE EASILY SEEN BY OTHERS ARE CALLED
a) open traits
b) surface traits
c) source traits
d) central traits
e) cardinal traits

A

b) surface traits

145
Q

WHAT DIMENSION OF BIG 5 THEORY REFERS TO PERSON’S BASIC EMOTIONAL STYLE
a) openness
b) conscientiousness
c) extraversion
d) agreeableness
e) neuroticism

A

d) agreeableness?

146
Q

AISHA’S DAUGHTER GAVE HER A MICROWAVE OVEN FOR HER BDAY AND SHE IS SCARED TO USE IT. SHE REFUSES TO LET HER DAUGHTER TEACH HER HOW TO US IT. SHE WOULD PROB LOW SCORE ON
a) openness
b) conscientiousness
c) extraversion
d) agreeableness
e) neuroticism

A

e) neuroticism

147
Q

WHAT COUNTRY MIGHT BE CONSIDERED HIGH IN POWER DISTANCE
a) india
b) austria
c) sweden
d) great britain
e) US

A

a) india

148
Q

WHICH PERSONALITY TEST WOULD BE MOST OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT
a) interview
b) rating scale
c) direct observation
d) personality inventory
e) rorschach inklblot test

A

b) rating scale

149
Q

STOCK IS CONSTANTLY LATE FOR HIS CLASS. WHICH DIMENSION OF FIVE FACTOR MODEL WOULD SHOW A VERY LOW SCORE FOR STOCK?
a) openness
b) conscientiousness
c) extraversion
d) agreeableness
e) neuroticism

A

b) conscientousness

150
Q

WHAT HORMONE SEEMS TO BE MOST CLOSELY LINKED WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

A

testosterone

151
Q

ON INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE TESTS SUCH AS THE STANFORD-BINET AND WECHSLER SCALES, AN IQ OF 100 INDICATES THAT THE TEST TAKER
a) correctly answered all test items
b) obtained the highest scores in the standardization sample
c) scored at average level for test takers of same age
d) scored above level of average American adult
e) took as long as the average test taker

A

c) scored at the average level for test takers of the same age

152
Q

what type of theorist is most likely to assess people’s personalities by having them draw pictures in the hope that the drawings will reveal underlying personality characteristics
a) psychoanalytic
b) behavioral
c) humanistic
d) cognitive
e) social cognitive

A

a) pschoanalytical

153
Q

which of the following therapeutic approaches is most likely to be criticized because it does not tx the underlying cause of the disorder?
a) cognitive
b) behavioral
c) biological
d) psychoanalytic
e) phenomenological

A

b) behavioral

154
Q

AN INSTRUCTOR CONDUCTED AN EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF 2 DIFFERENT METODS OF STUDY ON THE AMNT OSTUDENTS LEARNED IN INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS. THE RESULTS SHOWED TEH AG AMNT LEARNED BY THE GROUP USING ONE METHOD WAS GREATER THAN THE AVG AMNT LEARNED BY THE GROUP USING THE OTHER. HOWEVER, THE DIFFERENCES WHERE NOT STATISITICALLY SIGNIFICANT. WHAT IS AN APPROPRIATE CONCLUSION
a) the group of students attaining the higher mean score studied more that the other group
b) the better study method will have different effects for students of varying levels of ability
c) neither group learned a significant amount
d) there is a positive correlation between the results of the two methods
e) there is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance

A

e) there is a possibility that the difference between 2 groups occurred by chance

155
Q

WHICH PART OF THE BRAIN RECEIVES MESSAGES FROM THE HAIR-LIKE RECEPTORS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE VESTIBULAR SENSE
a) frontal lobes
b) cerebellum
c) medulla
d) hypothalamus
e) amygdala

A

b) cerebellum

156
Q

THE VIEW THAT HUMAN EMOTIONS ARE UNIVERSAL HAS BEEN SUPPORTED BY STUDIES OF
a) facial expressions
b) body language
c) linguistic structures
d) hedonic relevance
e) biological symmetry

A

a) facial expressions

157
Q

WHEN A PERSON EXPERIENCES 2 THOUGHTS THAT ARE INCOMPATIBLE, PSYCHOLOGICAL TENSION MAY BE PRODUCED LEADING TO AN ATTEMPT TO RECONCILE THE DESCREPANT THOUGHTS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST CHARACTERIZES THIS RESPONSE
a) approach-avoidance conflict
b) drive reduction
c) self-actualization
d) opponent process
e) cognitive dissonance

A

e) cognitive dissonance

158
Q

PSYCHOTHERAPIES THAT ATTEPT TO CHANGE INAPPROPRIATE/DISORDERED BEHAVIOR DIRECTLY ARE KNOWN AS
a) action therapies
b) insight therapies
c) biomedical therapies
d) psychoanalytic therapies
e) moral tx therapies

A

a) action therapies

159
Q

PROCESS DURING WHICH A PSYCHOANALYST ENCOURAGES A PT TO TALK ABOUT WHATEVER COMES TO MIND W/O FEAR OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION IS CALLED
a) resistance
b) projections
c) transference
d) free association
e) dream interpretation

A

d) free association

160
Q

COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS, MODERN PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY IS
a) more directive
b) less directive
c) more action oriented
d) less action oriented
e) more focus on the Id

A

a) more directive

161
Q

FRANCESCA IS SEEING A PSYCHOANALYST. SHE BEGINS TO FEEL SAFE AND PROTECTED BBY THE PSYCHOANALYST THE SAME WAY SHE FEELS ABOUT HER PARENTS. FRANCESCA IS MOST LIKELY EXPERIENCING
a) latency
b) resistance
c) transference
d) manifestation
e) free association

A

c) transference

162
Q

WHO IS LEAST LIKELY TO FIND PSYCHODYAMIC THERAPY EFFECTIVE
a) person w/anxiety
b) person w/schizophrenia
c) person w/mild depression
d) person w/dissociative disorder
e) person w/somatoform disorder

A

b) person w/schizophrenia

163
Q

ELI IS TRYING TO STOP BITING IS FINGERNAILS. HE WEARS A RUBBER BAND ARUND EACH OF HIS WRISTS AND SNAPS THE BAND WHEN HE BITES HIS NAILS. ELI IS USING A FORM OF
a) flooding
b) extinction
c) reinforcement
d) aversion therapy
e) systematic desensitization

A

d) aversion therapy

164
Q

SAM IS FRIGHTENED OF WATER. HER THERAPIST TAKES HER TO THE BEACH AND FORCERS HER TO STAND BY TE OCEAN FOR AN HOUR AT A TIME OVER SEVERAL SESSIONS. THIS IS CALLED
a) flooding
b) extinction
c) reinforcement
d) aversion therapy
e) systematic desensitization

A

a) flooding

165
Q

FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY TO BE EFFECTIVE..
a) therapist must maintain emotional distance from client
b) therapist must choose one style of therapy for all clients
c) therapist must avoid warmth in relationship w/pt
d) therapist must provide protected setting for pts to reveal their feelings
e) therapist must prevent client from engaging more than one type of therapy

A

d) therapist must provide a protected setting for pts to reveal their feelings

166
Q

ELIZABETH IS GOING TO A THERAPIST TO GAIN BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT MAKES HER DO THE THINGS SHE DOES. THIS IS KNOWN AS
a) action therapy
b) insight therapy
c) psychotherapy
d) behavioral therapy
e) biomedical therapy

A

b) insight therapy

167
Q

WHEN DOMINIC WAS 5, HIS PARENTS TOOK HIM TO A THERAPIST WHO SUGGESTED THAT THEY MAY HAVE CAUSED THE PROBLEM BY USING THE WRONG KIND OF DISCIPLINE. THE BEST THERAPY TO HELP DOMINIC WOULD BE
a) family
b) insight
c) cognitive
d) biomedical
e) psychodynamic

A

a) family therapy

168
Q

WHICH MODEL OF ABNORMALITY TALKS ABOUT REINFORCEMENT & IMITATION AS WAYS OF DEVELOPING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
a) biological
b) cognitive
c) behavioral
d) psychodynamic
e) biopsychosocial

A

c) behavioral

169
Q

PERSON EXPERIENCES SUDDEN ATTACKS OF INTENSE FEAR, RACING HEART, DIZZINESS, & OTHER PHYSICAL SIGNS OF STRESS AND REFUSES TO GO AWAY FROM HOME FOR FEAR THAT ONE OF THESE ATTACKS WILL HAPPEN AGAIN
a) dysthymia
b) hypochondriasis
c) dissociative fugue
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
e) panic disorder w/agoraphobia

A

e) panic disorder with agoraphobia

170
Q

HARRY FOUGHT IN WWII WHEN HE SAW HIS FRIEND BE BLOWN UP AND HE LOST HIS LEG. HARRY COULDN’T SEE AFTER HIS LEG SURGERY BUT THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH HIS EYES. WHAT IS HE SUFFERING FROM
a) conversion disorder
b) dissociative disorder
c) somatization disorder
d) psychosomatic disorder
e) hypochondriasis disorder

A

a) conversion disorder

171
Q

WHEN COMPARED TO UNRELATED PERSONS, RELATIVES OF PPL WHO HAVE SCHIZOTYPICAL PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE A INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING
a) schizophrenia
b) BPD
c) major depression
d) affective psychosis
e) antisocial personality disorder

A

a) schizophrenia

172
Q

DRUGS USED TO TX SCHIZOPHRENIA..
a) decrease blood flow to brain
b) restructure the brain’s frontal lobe
c) decrease activity of dopamine
d) operate similarly to amphetamines
e) effectively cure negative sx

A

c) decrease the activity of dopamines

173
Q

WHICH IS A NEGATIVE SX OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
a) delusions
b) lack of affect
c) hallucinations
d) distorted thinking
e) major depression

A

B) lack of affect

174
Q

THE CONTROVERSIAL CONDITION FORMERLY KNOWN AS MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER IS NOW CALLED
a) agoraphobia
b) panic disorder
c) depersonalization disorder
d) GAD
e) dissociative identity disorder

A

e) dissociative identity disorder

175
Q

MALEAH WORRIE THAT SOMEONE MIGHT COME INTO HER HOUSE AT NIGHT WHEN SHE IS SLEEPING. SHE CHECKS THE LOCKS ON THE DOORS AND WINDOWS SEVERAL TIMES BEFORE SHE CAN RELAX TO SEEP. HER BEHAVIOR IS
a) a phobia
b) obsession
c) compulsion

A

c) compulsion

176
Q

WHICH MODEL OF ABNORMALITY EXPLAINS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AS BEING CAUSED BY ILLOGICAL THINKING PATTERNS
a) biological
b) cognitive
c behavioral
d) psychodynamic
e) biopsychosocial

A

b) cognitive

177
Q

EXPLAIN PSYCHOANALYSIS

A

form of therapy including psychodynamic therapy, insight therapy, and client-centered approaches

178
Q

A PROTOTYPE IS BEST DEFINED AS
a) example of habituation
b) example of bottom-up processing
c) equivalent of feature abstraction
d) hypothetical “most typical” instance of category
e) essential element of category membership

A

d) hypothetical “most typical” instance of a category

179
Q

YUN WAS LEARNING ENGLISH AS AN ADULT. SHE FOUD THAT SHE HAD TROUBLE W/SOME OF THE SOUDS IN ENGLISH BC THOSE SOUNDS WERE NOT PART OF HER NATIVE CHINESE. THE DIFFICULTY SHE WAS HAVING INVOLVED
a) pragmatics
b) phonemes
c) morphemes
d) syntax
e) semantics

A

b) phonemes

180
Q

RESEARCH SHOWS THAT WOMEN WHO ARE REFERRED BY A MD TO PARTICIPATE IN A STUDY OF EATING DISORDERS HAVE MORE SEVERE PROBLEMS THAT THOSE WHO VOLUNTEER. IF RESEARCH ON EATING DISORDERS REGULARLY INVOLES ONLY WOMEN REFERRED BY MDS, THE RESULTS MAY BE LIMITED BC OF
a) sampling bias
b) social desirability
c) nonrandom assignment

A

a) sampling bias

181
Q

WHICH THOERY OF MOTIVATION IS MOST LIKELY TO SUGGEST THAT A YOUNGER WOMAN WOULD BE ATTRACTED TO AN OLDER MAN BC OF HIS GREATER ABILITY TO PROVIDE FOR HER
a) evolutionary
b) hierarchy of needs
c) arousal
d) instinct
e) drive-reduction

A

a) evolutionary

182
Q

WHAT IS A COMMON SX OF MANIC PHASE OF BPD
a) auditory hallucinations
b) feeling of intense sadness
c) rapid speech
d) presence of 2 distinct personality

A

c) rapid speech

183
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING OCCURS WHEN A NEURON IS STIMULATED TO ITS THRESHOLD
a) movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates action potential
b) neuron hyperpolarizes
c) the neuron’s equilibrium potential is reached
d) neurotransmitters are released from the dendrites

A

a) movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates action potential

184
Q

WHAT IS AN EXPLANATION OF JET LAG
a) increase in REM rebound
b) decrease in duration of alpha waves in sleep
c) excess amounts of NREM sleep
d) reduction in their parasomnias
e) disruption in circadian rhythms

A

e) disruption in circadian rhythms

185
Q

A TEST HAS A MEAN OF 80 W/A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS WITHIN 1 STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE MEAN
a) 75
b) 77
c) 86
d) 90
e) 99

A

b) 77

186
Q

A TODDLER W/A SECURE ATTACHMENT STYLE IS MOST LIKELY T DO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WHEN LEFT W/A CAREGIVER FOR THE FIRST TIME
a) show distress when left, calm down and play, and run to mother upon return
b) cry when left and continue to cry upon return
c) not notice when the mom leaves and not seek attention upon return

A

a) show distress when left, calm down and play, and run to mother upon return

187
Q

TRAINING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN ANXIETY HIERARCHY AND IN RELAXATION TECHNIQUES IS LIKELY TO BE PART OF THE TX FOR WHICH?
a) schizophrenia
b) bipolar disorder
c) specific phobia
d) OCD
e) DID

A

c) specific phobia

188
Q

ASHLEY RECENTLY JOINED A CLUB AND NOTICED OTHER PPL SIGNING A SHEET OF PAPER AT THE FRONT OF THE ROOM DURING HER FIRST MEETING. BELIEVING THE OTHERS KNOW THE PROCEDURES, ASHLEY SIGNS THE PAPER. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
a) in group bias
b) deindividuation
c) informational social influence
d) group think

A

c) informational social influence

189
Q

THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF PROJECTION IS BEST ILLUSTRATED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES
a) when scolded by his parents, a college student reverts to childish behavior to gain sympathy
b) a soccer player who doesn’t have much skill constantly criticizes others’ performance
c) after exams were graded and returned, a college student looked at his low grade and decided the test was unfair and difficult
d) after a fight w/her boyfriend, a woman yells at her roommate for sitting in her favorite chair

A

b) a soccer player who doesn’t have much skill constantly criticizes others’ performance

190
Q

WHAT IS THE BEST EXAMPLE OF SHAPING
a) kid gets $5 every time he cleans his room
b) kids gets candy from dispenser one time but nothing the next two times
c) teacher rewards student for sitting quietly 10 min on Monday, 15 on Tuesday, 20 on Wednesday, and 30 Thursday
d) a rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage

A

c) teacher rewards student

191
Q

BRAIN LATERALIZATION REFERS TO
a) ability of brain to process multisensory info
b) capacity of brain to control basic motor movements
c) aptitude of brain to produce speech
d) ability of brain to control basic functions such as respiration & blood circulation
e) inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of brain or the other

A

e) inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

192
Q

BRANDON IS SUPERFICIALLY CHARMING AND SKILLED AT EXPLOITING PPL FOR HIS OWN GAIN, IMPULSIVE, IRRESPONSIBLE, AND GENERALLY DISREGARDS SOCIAL NORMS. WHAT WOULD HE BE DIAGNOSED WITH
a) antisocial personality
b) schizoid personality
c) dissociative identity
d) conversion
e) bipolar

A

a) antisocial personality

193
Q

COLLEEN RECEIVED A SCORE OF 100 ON AN IQ TEST. THE MEAN FOR THE TEST IS 100 AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION IS 15. ASSUMING THE TEST HAS NORMAL DESTRIUTION, COLLEEN’S SCORE WAS EQUAL TO/GREATER THAN SCORES OF WHAT %
a) 100
b) 50
c) 68
d) 84
e) 15

A

b) 50

194
Q

A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST BELIEVES THAT CAROLINE’S PROLEMS STEM FROM LACK OF CONSISTENCY BETWEEN HER SELF-CONCEPT & HER REALITY. ACCORDING TO PSYCHOLOGIST, THIS DISCREPANCY MAKES CAROLINE FEEL ANXIOUS & THREATENED. HER PSYCHOLOGIST MOST LIKELY ADHERES TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORIENTATIONS
a) client-centered
b) psychoanalytical
c) behavioral
d) gestalt
e) cognitive

A

a) client-centered

195
Q

STUDENTS A PAPER WHERE THEY HAD TO SUPPORT THE SIDE OF A CONTROERSIAL TOPIC THEY DIDN’T AGREE WITH. BEFORE WRITING THE PAPER THEY TOOK A SURVEY ON HOW STRONGLY THEY DISAGREED. AFTER THE PAPERS, THEY TOOK ANOTHER SURVEY. SHE OBSERVED THAT THE STUDENT’S FEELINGS ABOUT THE TOPIC BECAME MORE STRONGLY IN AGREEMENT WITH THE TOPIC. WHAT IS THE BEST CONCLUSION
a) group polarization was likely a contributing factor to a change in feelings
b) group polarization caused the students to become in more agreement
c) cognitive dissonance was likely a contributing factor to change in feelings
d) cognitive dissonance caused the students to become more in agreement
e) the mere-exposure effect was likely a contributing factor to the change in feelings

A

c) cognitive dissonance was likely a contributing factor the change in feelings

196
Q

A CRITICAL COMPONENT FOR LABELING A PERSON’S BEHAVIOR AS ABNORMAL IS THAT THE BEHAVIOR MUST
a) be present in other ppl who have been diagnosed
b) not be under voluntary control of person
c) pose a serious threat to those around them
d) interfere with some aspect of person’s life

A

d) interfere with some aspect of person’s life

197
Q

ALAN IS SURE SOMETHING IS WRONG WITH HIM EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE NO PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR COMPLAINTS. HE RETURNS TO DR EVERY FEW WEEKS TO REPORT SX OF NEW ILLNESSES BASED ON INFO HE READ. ALAN MOST LIKELY HAS
a) mood disorder
b) anxiety disorder
c) somatoform disorder

A

c) somatoform disorder

198
Q

WHICH SCENARIO BEST DEMONSTRATES THE ROLE OF CONTEXT EFFECTS IN MEMORY
a) Amy studied for a vocab test in the same classroom @ the same time as normal class and performed better on the test than students who studied in diff classrooms under diff. conditions
b) dina could not remember the name ofher 2nd grade teacher but after she thought about the names of her classmates, the teacher’s name suddenly came to her

A

a) amy

199
Q

WHEN CONFRONTED WITH THE SEQUENCE N AT THE END F THE CROSSWORD TONY INSERTS I AND G BC IT OFTEN LED TO CORRECT ANSWERS BEFORE. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
a) mental rotation
b) elaborative rehearsal
c) heuristic
d) prototype
e) syllogism

A

c) heurisitc

200
Q

RUDY HAS CHRONIC TROUBLE STAYING AWAKE IN CLASS. WHAT PART OF THE BRAIN IS MOST LIKELY RESPONSIBLE FOR RUDY’S DROWSINESS
a) thalamus
b) hippocampus
c) amygdala
d) medulla oblongata
e) reticular formation

A

e) reticular formation

201
Q

FOR EXTINCTION TO OCCUR, WHICH MUST BE TRUE OF CR, CS, AND UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS)
a) the CR occurs after the CS but does not occur after other stimuli
b) the CS and UCS are repeatedly paired and the CR gains strength
c) the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS and the CR loses strength
d) when the CR loses strength, a rest period is given, after which the CS again elicits the CR

A

c) the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS and the CR loses strength

202
Q

HARLOW’S EXPERIMENTS WITH MONKEYS & SURROGATE MOTHERS DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF
a) socialization to neural development
b) environmental stimulation to cognitive development
c) contact comfort to attachment

A

c) contact comfort to attachment

AP PSYCH (12 decks)

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