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2020 > U4 > Flashcards

U4 Flashcards

1
Q

anxiety definition

A

future oriented mood state characterized by psyical tension and apprehension

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2
Q

fear definition

A

immediate rxn to danger

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3
Q

panic definition

A

sudden overwhelming terror

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4
Q

panic attack

A

abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort w physical symptoms

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5
Q

2 categories of panic attacks

A

expected and unexpected

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6
Q

biological contribution to anxiety

A

genetic vulnerability
diathesis stress (contribution from genes and environment)

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7
Q

decrease in what neurotransmitter is involved in anxiety disorders

A

GABA

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8
Q

corticotropin releasing factor

A

increases likelihood vulnerable genes will turn on
(activates HPA axis)

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9
Q

limbic system is ___________ to info in ppl w anxiety and ______ isn’t down regulated

A

over responsive
amygdala

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10
Q

behavioural inhibition system

A

activated by brainstem during unexpected events

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11
Q

where is fight or flight system located

A

spans from brainstem through midbrain structures

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12
Q

psychological contributions of anxiety

A
  • awareness that events aren’t always in our control
  • impacted largely by our parents actions early in life
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13
Q

social contributions to anxiety

A

stressful life events can trigger vulnerabilities to anxiety

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14
Q

triple vulnerability theory

A

generalized bio vulnerability (inherited)
generalized psych vulnerability
(ideas of no control)
specific psych vulnerability
(early experience)

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15
Q

how do types of anxiety differ

A

differ in focus

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16
Q

how are types of anxiety similar

A
  • cooccur
  • share common characteristics and vulnerabilities
  • affect more women then men
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17
Q

GAD

A

focus on events from everyday life
accompanied by physical symptoms

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18
Q

diagnostic criteria for GAD

A
  • excessive worry more days then not for at least 6 months over different things
  • difficult to control worry
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19
Q

diagnostic criteria for all psychological disorders

A
  • disturbance isn’t contributed to a substance or other mental disorder
  • causes significant distress
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20
Q

physical symptoms of GAD

A
  • muscle tension
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • trouble sleeping
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21
Q

GAD has a ________ onset beginning _______

A

insidious
early adulthood

22
Q

cognitive characteristics of GAD

A
  • intolerance to uncertainty
  • poor problem orientation
  • cognitive avoidance
23
Q

treatment for GAD (meds)

A

benzodiazepines
(short term, issues w impairment and dependance)
paroxetine and venlafaxine
(long term)

24
Q

Panic disorder

A

severe unexpected panic attacks

25
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear and avoidance of situations where a person feels unsafe and unable to escape in the event of developing panic symptoms

26
Q

diagnostic criteria for panic disorder

A
  • recurrent unexpected panic attacks that reach peak discomfort in minutes
  • at least 1 attack has. been followed by either worry about panic attacks/concequences or significant changes in behaviour due to pa
27
Q

diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia

A
  • fear of 2+ situations
  • avoidance
  • persistant (6m+)
28
Q

nocturnal panic disorder

A
  • in deepest phase of sleep
  • individual begins to panic as they sink into sleep (letting go) then suddenly wake up panicked
29
Q

isolated sleep paralysis

A
  • occurs in transitional period between sleep and wake
    rem sleep spills into wake causing lack of muscle strength (inability to move) and vivid hallucinations
30
Q

common cause of agoraphobia

A

normally begins after a person has an unexpected panic attack

31
Q

causes of panic attacks

A

inherited vulnerability to stress and anxiety
confusion between internal and external cues (interpret normal physical sensations as catastrophic)

32
Q

learned alarms

A

cues related to internal and external stimuli that can predict pa through. learning

33
Q

treatment for panic attacks and agoraphobia

A

SSRI
benzodiazepines
cognitive behavioural therapy
gradual exposure paired w calming exercises

34
Q

specific phobia

A

unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with daily functioning

35
Q

diagnostic criteria for specific phobias

A

marked fear about a situation
active avoidance
fear is out of proportion
6m+

36
Q

blood injury injection phobia

A

severe physiological reaction compared to other phobias
- bold, injury, injection

37
Q

situational phobia

A
  • fear of public transport/enclosed places
    no panic attacks out of context
38
Q

natural environment phobia

A

heights, storms, water
often paired together

39
Q

animal phobia

A

animals

40
Q

other phobia

A

illness etc

41
Q

specific phobias often take a _________ course and often go _______

A

chronic
untreated

42
Q

causes of specific phobias

A
  • direct experience of a true alarm
  • info transmission (watching someone else experience the fear)
  • being told about danger
  • experiencing a false alarm
  • inherited tendency to fear dangerous situations and anxiety
43
Q

treatment of specific phobias

A

structured consistent exposure based exercises (VR)

44
Q

separation anxiety disorder

A

fear in children that harm will come to them or there parents while they are apart

45
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

fear and avoidance of social and/or performance situations

46
Q

diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder

A
  • fear about situation where individual is exposed to possible scrutiny
  • fear they will be negatively evaluated
  • avoidance
  • fear is out of proportion
47
Q

causes of social anxiety disorder

A

inherited tendency to fear angry faces
generalized/specifc vulnerability
direct experience of true or false alarms
watching experience

48
Q

treatment of social anxiety disorder

A
  • cognitive behavioural group therapy
  • social mishap exposure
  • SSRI, Paxil, Zoloft, Effexor
49
Q

selective mutism

A

childhood disorder characterized by lack of speech in certain situations driven by SAD
more common in girls
similar treatment to SAD

50
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy

A

keeping mind thoughts, feelings, and behaviour aims to challenge thoughts and cognitive distortion

2020 (13 decks)

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