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2020 > U2 > Flashcards

U2 Flashcards

1
Q

multidimensional models

A

behaviour is due to multiple causes that all influence each other

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2
Q

genes

A

long molecules of DNA at various location on chromosomes within a cells nucleus

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3
Q

have individual genes been identified as relating to any major psychological disorder

A

no

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4
Q

what is meant by gene-environment interaction

A

what genes are active is influenced by environmental context, social context, etc.

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5
Q

can genes be responsible for the development of disorders

A

no genes can only increase or decrease risk of development

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6
Q

epigenetics

A

early environment turning in or off gene expression (no change in DNA)

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7
Q

neuroscience

A

study the role NS has in disease and behaviour

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8
Q

nuerons function _______ but communicate ________

A

electrically
chemically

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9
Q

more common neurotransmitters

A

norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
GABA

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10
Q

somatic vs autonomic

A

voluntary vs involuntary

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11
Q

sympathetic vs parasympathetic

A

fight or flight vs rest and digest

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12
Q

endocrine system

A

hormones

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13
Q

HPA axis

A

integration of endocrine and nervous system

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14
Q

agonist

A

act like NT or bloke reuptake
increase activity

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15
Q

antagonist

A

block NT or receptor
decrease activity

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16
Q

inverse agonist

A

produce opposite effects of NT

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17
Q

emotion

A

Pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response.

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18
Q

mood vs affect

A

long lasting vs short lasting change in emotional tone

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19
Q

components of emotion

A
  • behaviour
  • means of communication
  • appraisals and attributions (cognitive aspects)
  • physiology
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20
Q

fluency and quality of ______ ___________ are related to mortality, disease, and psychopathology

A

social relationships

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21
Q

stigma can be _______, ________, and ________ situated

A

culturally, socially, interpersonally

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22
Q

life span developmental perspective

A
  • addresses developmental changes
    influences what is normal and abnormal
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23
Q

principle of equifinality

A

concept in developmental psychology stating several paths can be taken to a given outcome

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24
Q

exceptions to confidentiality (3)

A
  • 3rd party needs info to evaluate therapist
  • court is involved (records subpoenaed)
  • patient states they are a harm to themselves or others or if they are being harmed
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25
Q

purposes of clinical assessment

A

understand the individual, predict there behaviour, plan treatment, and evaluate (diagnose)

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26
Q

types of reliability testing

A

test-retest (between patient over time)
interrater (between professionals)

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27
Q

typed of validity

A

concurrent (new assessment results match old ones)
predictive (can tell you what will happen in the future)

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28
Q

standardization

A
  • helps ensure consistency and allows for appropriate comparison
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29
Q

most common method of assessment

A

clinical interview

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30
Q

parts of a mental status exam

A

appearance/behaviour
thought process
mood/affect
intellectual functioning
sensorium

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31
Q

appearance/behaviour

A
  • attire
  • appearance
  • expression
  • overt behaviour
  • posture
32
Q

thought process

A
  • rate, continuity, and content of speech
33
Q

mood/affect

A
  • predominant feeling state of individual
  • feeling state matches what the individual says
34
Q

intellectual functioning

A
  • type
  • use of abstractions and metaphors
35
Q

sensorium

A

awareness of who they are where they are and what time it is (oriented times 3)

36
Q

behavioural assessment

A

directly observing and formally assessing an individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in specific contexts

37
Q

ABC’s

A

used in behaviour assessment
A - antecedent stimulus (before)
B - behaviour (during)
C - consequence (after)

38
Q

issue with behavioural assessment

A

can have issues with reactivity when patients knows they are being observed (direct)

39
Q

psychological testing methods must be __________ and ___________

A

reliable
valid

40
Q

projective testing

A

ambiguous stimuli presented to patient with aim to reveal unconscious conflict through response
inferential - low validity/reliability

41
Q

types of projective tests

A
  • Rorschach
  • TAT
42
Q

personality inventories

A

self-report questionnaires that assess personal traits

43
Q

intelligence testing

A

predict who will do well in educational settings

44
Q

neuropsychological testing

A

assessment of brain and NS functioning according to individuals performance on behavioural tasks

45
Q

types of neurophsycological testing

A
  • bender visual-motor gestalt
46
Q

neuroimaging

A

nonintrusive examination of brain structure (CT, MRI) or function (PET, fMRI)

47
Q

psychophysiological assessment

A

measures changes in NS reflecting psychological and emotional events (EEG)

48
Q

assessment takes a _________ approach where diagnosis takes a _________

A

idiographic (individual)
nomothetic (general)

49
Q

classification

A

assignments of things or people to categories based on shared characteristics

50
Q

taxonomy vs nosology

A

system of naming/classification in a scientific vs psychological setting

51
Q

nomenclature

A

specific names and labels that make up nosology

52
Q

classical categorical approach

A

classification method with assumption of clear cut definitions off disorders and causes

53
Q

dimensional approach

A

classification method that’s based on categorizing characteristics on a continuum instead of an either-or binary approach

54
Q

prototypical approach

A

classification method categorizing disorders using essential defining characteristics as well as having range in other characteristics (combo)

55
Q

unsolved issues of the DSM

A
  • arbitrary time periods and definitions of diagnosis
  • problems of comorbidity
  • stigmatizing
56
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy

A

aims to identify and modify thought process

57
Q

diathesis stress model

A

Staes both inherited vulnerability and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder

58
Q

dopamine
GABA
glutamate
norepinephrine
serotonin

A
  • implicated in schizophrenia
  • inhibits anxiety
  • excites
  • contributes indirectly to panic attacks
  • info processing inhibition coordination etc
59
Q

gene-environment correlation model

A

states people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a greater tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder

60
Q

implicit cognition

A

cognitive processes of the unconscious
hard to measure bc the patient isn’t aware of them

61
Q

implicit memory

A

person cannot recall past events but still acts in response to them

62
Q

prepared learning

A

certain associations can be more readily learned

63
Q

objective tests

A

test stimuli are less ambiguous
most consistent with the scientist-practitioner model
requires minimal interference and interpretation

64
Q

objective personality tests

A

MMPI, MMPI-2, MMPI-A, PCL-R

65
Q

purposes of the DSM system

A

aid communication, evaluate prognosis, need for treatment, and treatment planning

66
Q

DSM-I and -II

A

relied on unsupported theories and were unreliable

67
Q

DSM-III and DSM-III-R

A

emphasized clinical description
detail criteria for each disorder
- problems with low reliability and reliance on committee consensus instead of scientific evidence

68
Q

DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR

A
  • 5 axis describing full clinical presentation
  • clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for disorders
  • disorders categorized under broad headings
  • prototypic approach
69
Q

DSM-5

A

removal of 5 axis
changes to diagnostic criteria and organization

70
Q

DSM-5 TR

A

more attention to culture, racism, and discrimination
clarification in diagnosis for children

71
Q

limbic system

A

regulation of emotional experience

72
Q

most important function of the endocrine system

A

produces hormones that implicated in some psychological problems

73
Q

lobe in the brain most researchers focus on for clues to psychopathology

A

frontal lobe

74
Q

problem with snapshot approach to psychological disorders

A

it fails to account for change over time

75
Q

psychodynamic psychotherapy

A

contemporary version of psychoanalysis focused o specific problems

76
Q

introspection

A

early not scientific approach to the study of psych
attempts to report thoughts and feelings specific stimuli evoked

2020 (13 decks)

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