U1 Flashcards
psychological disorder
psychological disfunction within a person associated with distress/impairment in functioning that is not typical or culturally expected
psychological disfunction
a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning
psychopathology
scientific study of psychological disorders
scientist practitioners combine …
by ….
clinical and research work
consuming new science and evaluating practices
evidence-based practice
professionals consume science of psychopathology to better patients (scientist practitioners)
practice based evidence
scientist practitioners evaluate their own treatment to generate new knowledge
3 major categories that make the study and discussion of psychological disorders
- clinical description
- causation (ethology)
- treatment/outcome
presenting problem
original complaint by patient
clinical description
detail of the disorder by professional
prevalence
how many people in a population as a whole have the disorder at any time
incidence
number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific time period
course
pattern of a disorder
chronic vs episodic vs time limited courses
- long time
- recover quick but might come back
- recover quick
acute onset
begins suddenly
insidious onset
develops gradually over time
prognosis
anticipated course of a disorder
etiology
why a disorder begins
- biological, psychological, and social dimensions
3 dominent traditions of psychopathology
- supernatural
- biological
- psychological
focuses/beliefs of supernatural tradition
- devient behaviour
- battle between good and evil
- unexplained behaviour is evil
- treatment by exorcism/torture)
- madness is cased by witches or sorcery
focuses/beliefs of biological tradition
- insanity has physical causes and needs physical treatment
- more scientific approach to psychological disorders
Hippocrates believed
humours were related to normal brain functioning
- imbalance = disease
hysteria
usedto describe the conceot of somatic symptom disorders (physical symptoms are result of pathology)
syphilis
symptoms include delusion of persecution or grandeur
become paralyzed and die
returned focus to link between physical disease and madness
psychological tradition
understands social influences on a person
moved society to humane socially facilitated treatment
lead to psychosocial approaches
id
pleasure principle
- illogical emotional irrational
superego
moral principle
ego
reality principle
- logical rational
what parts of Freuds theory of structure of the structure/function of mind are part of the unconscious mind
id
what happens when you don’t satisfy a stage of Freuds psychosexual stages of development
you get stuck at that stage
neuroses
disorder of the nervous system
psychoanalytic psychotherapy
- helps unearth intrapsychic conflicts
- long term
free association
patient is told to say whatever comes to mind to explore the unconscious
dream analysis
contents examined as symbols of id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts
transference
when clients relate there therapist to authority figures (usually parents)
major theme of the humanistic theory
people are basically good and strive towards self actualization
treatment using the humanistic theory
therapist conveys empathy and unconditional positive regard (minimal interpretation)
person centred therapy
carl rogers
method where client directs course of discussion seeking self discovery
behavioural model
derived from the scientific approach
includes classical and operant conditioning and systematic desensitization
classical conditioning
operant
systematic desensitization
pavlov and Watson
thorndike and skinner
wolpe
systemic desensitization
pair learned thing w calming thing
thorndikes law of effect
behaviour is strengthened or weakened based on consequence
shaping
reinforcing successive responses
behavioural therapy
time-limited
direct
integrative approach
psychopathology is multiple-determined and multifaceted
must consider reciprocal actions between biological, psychological, social and experimental factors
