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2020 > U11 > Flashcards

U11 Flashcards

1
Q

3 clusters of personality disorders

A

A - odd/eccentric
B - dramatic, emotional, erratic
C - fearful/anxious

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2
Q

personality disorders

A

persistant pattern of emotions cognitions and behaviours resulting in emotional distress to individual and/or those around them

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3
Q

why are personality disorders hard to diagnose

A

hard to determine personality variations from disorders

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4
Q

commonalities across personality disorders

A
  • onset in early adulthood
  • fixed and consistent across situations
  • not diagnosed in childhood or adolescence
  • lack of sense of self
  • difficulty in relationships
  • little self awareness / insight into difficulties
  • cannot be attributed to a psychotic disorder
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5
Q

histrionic PD biased towards ______ and antisocial is biased towards ____

A

females
males

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6
Q

cluster A disorders

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schizotypal
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7
Q

paranoid PD criteria

A
  • pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others (that they have malevolent motives)
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8
Q

causes of paranoid PD

A

genetics (relatives with schizophrenia)
traumatic childhood experiences
cognitive cultural factors

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9
Q

treatment of paranoid PD

A

CBT to change mistaken assumptions about others

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10
Q

associated features of paranoid PD

A
  • argumentative
  • quiet
  • suicidal
  • relationship with paranoid schizophrenia and delusional disorder
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11
Q

schizoid PD criteria

A

pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of expression of emotions beginning early adulthood

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12
Q

causes of schizoid PD

A
  • childhood shyness
  • abuse and neglect
  • low density dopamine receptor
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13
Q

treatment of schizoid PD

A

social skills training (role playing)

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14
Q

associated features of schizoid PD

A
  • homelessness
  • social deficiencies/isolation
  • constricted affect
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15
Q

schizoid PD is often misdiagnosed as _____

A

ASD

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16
Q

what is the main difference between psychotic disorders and personality disorders

A

psychotic believe thought/hallucinations/delusions are real and PD can rationalize them (aware of reality)

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17
Q

schizotypal PD criteria

A

pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort and low capacity for close relationships
cognitive and perceptual distortions

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18
Q

causes of schizotypal PD

A
  • genetics
  • L hemisphere brain damage (brain abnormalities
  • abnormalities in semantic association abilities
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19
Q

treatment for schizotypal PD

A

antipsychotic meds
community treatment
social skills training
CBT

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20
Q

associated features of schizotypal PD

A
  • hypersensitive to criticism as children
  • same spectrum as schizophrenia without debilitating hallucinations/delusions
  • ideas of reference (paranoia)
  • magical thinking
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21
Q

cluster c disorder

A

avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive

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22
Q

avoidant PD criteria

A

pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitive to negative evaluation

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23
Q

causes of avoidant PD

A
  • born w difficult temperament, parental rejection, uncritical love
  • low self esteem
  • social alienation
  • overactive behavioural inhibition system
  • may be part of the social anxiety spectrum
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24
Q

treatment for avoidant PD

A
  • better evidence
  • social skills training
  • CBT
  • medical interventions (like those for anxiety )
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25
Q

associated features of avoidant PD

A
  • interpersonally anxious
  • fear of rejection
  • pessimistic about self and future
  • restraint in personal relationships
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26
Q

dependent PD criteria

A

pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and chasing behaviour
fears separation

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27
Q

causes of dependent PD

A

disruptions in early childhood (leads to fears of abandonment)
high socio-tropic traits

28
Q

treatment of dependent PD

A

developing confidence (ensuring the patient doesn’t depend on the therapist)

29
Q

obsessive compulsive PD criteria

A

pattern of preoccupation with perfection and order, mental/interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility

30
Q

associated features of OC PD

A
  • preoccupied w rules and schedules
  • overconciencious and inflexible
  • exclusion of leisure
  • poor interpersonal relationships
  • quest for perfectionism
31
Q

causes of OC PD

A

genetics

32
Q

treatment of OC PD

A

relaxation techniques
CBT to reframe compulsive thoughts

33
Q

cluster b PD

A

histrionic
narcissistic
antisocial

34
Q

histrionic PD criteria

A

pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

35
Q

causes of histrionic PD

A
  • “hysteria”
  • co-occurs with antisocial personality disorder
36
Q

treatment of histrionic PD

A

improving interpersonal relationships
teaching appropriate ways of negotiating wants and needs

37
Q

associated features of histrionic PD

A
  • vauge speech
  • self centred
  • dramatic
38
Q

narcissistic PD criteria

A

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy

39
Q

causes of narcissistic PD

A

failure of empathetic mirroring from parents
child remains fixated at self centred grandiose stage of development

40
Q

treatment of narcissistic PD

A
  • CBT
  • coping strategies
  • focus on feelings of others
41
Q

associated features of narcissistic PD

A

frequently depressed

42
Q

borderline personality disorder associated features

A
  • most commonly diagnosed personality disorder
  • big fear of abandonment
  • self harm/suicidality
  • high rates of substance use
  • less sense of self
43
Q

criteria for borderline personality disorder

A

pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and affect
- marked impulsivity
- big intense mood swings

44
Q

causes of borderline personality disorder

A
  • genetics
  • changes in limbic system
  • memory bias towards negatives
  • early trauma and biological predisposition (childhood sexual abuse)
  • rapid culture changes
45
Q

treatment of borderline personality disorder

A
  • antipsychotics and antidepressants
  • DBT
46
Q

what is DBT

A

dialectical behaviour therapy
- reduces suicide attempts
- includes efforts to improve mindfulness, emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and distress tolerance

47
Q

components of DBT (if all components are present what is it called)

A

individual DBT, skills group, phone coaching, therapist consults in teams
- full DBT

48
Q

wise mind

A

between rational and emotions mind (includes intuitive thinking and mindfulness)

49
Q

emotion regulation vs distress tolerance

A

e - identifying and labeling emotions

d - distract and self soothe

50
Q

what does it mean to be DBT informed

A

therapist uses skills involved in DBT but not full DBT

51
Q

associated features of antisocial PD

A
  • psychopathy
  • often present in male criminal offenders
  • called conduct disorder in kids
  • high risk behaviour
    (aggressive, lying, cheating, no remorse, substance abuse)
52
Q

criteria of antisocial PD

A
  • pattern of disregard for violation of rights of others occurring since age 15
  • at least 18 years of age
  • evidence of conduct before 18
  • antisocial behaviour isn’t due to bipolar or schizophrenia
53
Q

on the spectrum of disruptive behaviour disorders _________ is seen as the most severe where as ________ is seen as the least

A
  • conduct
  • oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
54
Q

ODD

A

characterized by angry/irritable mood, augmentative/defiant behaviour
must be vindictive 2 times in 6 months
behaviour persists for 6 months+ not just with a sibling

55
Q

conduct disorder criteria

A

repetitive pattern of behavior in which the basic rights
of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated
at least one of
- aggression towards people/animals
- destruction of property
- deceitfulness and theft
- serious violation of rules

disturbance causes significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning

56
Q

conduct disorder subtypes

A
  • childhood onset (younger then 10)
  • adolescent onset (older then 10)
57
Q

environmental influences of conduct disorder

A
  • delinquent influences (peers)
  • dual failure model
  • less structure
  • parent (failed monitoring)
  • single parent families
  • SES and indigenous youth
58
Q

affective factor of psychopathy (CU traits)

A
  • lack of empathy, shallow affect
  • severe or chronic aggressive behaviour
  • low emotional responsiveness to others
59
Q

factors of psychopathy (3)

A
  • irresponsible behaviour
  • interpersonal style (grandiose)
  • affect
60
Q

how do CU traits and psychopathy develop

A
  • under/hypo aroused amygdala (causes sensation seeking to boost activation)
  • cortical immaturity (impulsive childlike behaviour)
  • fearlessness hypothesis
  • maltreatment
61
Q

dual failure model

A

people around you don’t want to spend time with you because of your deviant behaviour so you commit more deviant behaviour (cycle)

62
Q

primary CU traits

A
  • don’t feel bad when they hurt others and have a lack of moral emotion
  • genetically based
  • hypo-aroused
  • low anxiety
63
Q

secondary CU traits

A
  • involves dissociation to reduce stress and leads to the development of CU traits
  • relationally based
  • develops mask
  • hyper-aroused
  • high anxiety
64
Q

treatment for CU traits and psychopathy

A
  • early prevention/early identification
  • parent child interaction therapy
  • CBT (limited effectiveness)
65
Q

what is included in behavioural programs for CU trait treatment

A
  • positive and negative reinforcement
  • teaching communication skills
  • introducing home rules

rebound effect is often seen

66
Q

what is included in SNAP programs for CU trait treatment

A
  • focus on emotional regulation, self control, problem solving, parent child relationships
  • reduces aggression, rule breaking behaviours and conduct problems
67
Q

what is included in attachment programs for CU trait treatment

A
  • attachment based intervention
  • psycho education
  • roleplay

2020 (13 decks)

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