U10 Flashcards
criteria for ASD
- persistant deficits in communication and interaction across multiple contexts (verbal and nonverbal)
- restricted repetitive patterns of activity (timing, special interests, etc)
- symptoms present in early developmental periods
- symptoms cause significant impairment
- not due to intellectual disability or general delay
issues with the criteria for ASD
- very deficit/disturbance oriented
- no room for autistic joy (pathologies things autistic people like)
prevalence and avg age of onset (ASD)
- more male then female (potential under diagnosis in females)
- onset at 2yrs
strengths of autism
- above avg intelligence
- better memory of details
- strong visual and auditory learners
- exell in special interests
western expectations of social interactions aren’t ________
universal
social camouflage hypothesis
females w ASD may develop social skills that allow them to blend in to society
associated features of ASD
- self injurious behaviours
- sleep disturbance
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- epilepsy
- Comorbidity w mental health concerns
- cognitive abilities
dr. Bettelheim theory
refrigerator mothers (cold) cause there child autism
BIPOC kids are more often diagnosed w _____ rather then ASD
ADHD
factors that contribute to ASD
genetic and environmental factors
- parental age
- environmental toxins
- compromised fetal or neonatal development
- abnormalities in brain development
2 categories of symptoms of ADHD
- inattention
- hyperactivity/impulsivity
diagnostic criteria for ADHD
need either one or both inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity
- 6+ symptoms
- 6 months
- symptoms present before age 12
- present in 2 settings
- functional impairment
- not something else
ADHD- IA
6+ inattentive symptoms
ADHD-HY
6+ hyperactive/impulsive
ADHD-C
both
ADHD is more prevalent in ____ and is comorbid w _________
boys
disruptive behaviour disorders
causes of ADHD
highly genetic
inhibition of DAT1 (dopamine)
prenatal smoking, stress, alcohol
associated features of ADHD
- subtle brain differences in those w ADHD that can be reduced by meds
- volume of brain is slightly smaller
- sleep problems
- negative responses by others create low self esteem
treatment for ADHD
- stimulants (improves motor response, response inhibition, compliance, - short-term )
- goal setting and reinforcement
diagnostic criteria for specific learning disorder
- academic functioning below expected level
- below average academic achievement in at least 1 area
- difficulties related to a psychological process
- average IQ
- affects acquisition, organization, and understanding (verbal and nonverbal)
sex ratio in specific learning disorder
even
causes of specific learning disorder
- genetics
- subtle brain damage
- environmental factors (expectations and support)
specific learning disorders are often related to later development of ________
other mental health issues
treatment of specific learning disorders
educational intervention
- remediate directly underlying basic process of problems
- improve cognitive skills
- improve behavioural skills
intellectual disability diagnostic criteria
significantly sub average intellectual functioning
concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning
deficits are evident before age 18
what does adaptive funtioning encompass
conceptual, social and practical functioning
intellectual disability typically runs a _______ course w and equal ________ ratio
chronic
sex
causes of intellectual disability
- abuse
- neglect
- prenatal exposure to substances
- issues w labour (lack of oxygen in delivery)
- post natal head injury and infection
Down syndrome
- trisomy 21
- can be detected prenatally through amniocentesis
- past 40 show signs of dementia
fragile X syndrome
intellectual disability w chromosomal cause
treatment of intellectual disabilities
behavioural focus similar to ASD (focus on building adaptive functioning skills)
additional support
communication training (argumentative strategies)
amniocentesis
prenatal screening that detects abnormalities in developing fetus
involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother.
childhood disintegrative disorder
persistent regression in language, adaptive behaviour and motor skills after 2 - 4 year period of normal development
chorionic villus sampling
genetic test during early pregnancy that samples cells found in placenta to assess possible genetic/chromosomal problems in fetus
copy number variants
base pairs added or deleted as a result of mutation (may play a role in development of ceertiann disorders like ADHD)
_____ attention is often absent in ppl with ASD
joint
Vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal cues
prosody
