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2020 > U12 > Flashcards

U12 Flashcards

1
Q

substance

A

chemical compounds ingested to alter mood or behaviour

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2
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

legal drugs
alter mood, behaviour, or both

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3
Q

polysubstance

A

use of multiple substances

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4
Q

substance use

A

ingestion of psychoactive substances in normal amounts (doesn’t interfere w day to day)

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5
Q

substance intoxication

A

experience impaired judgement mood changes, impaired motor ability, etc
based on type of drug, amounts and individuals biological reactions

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6
Q

substance use disorder

A

substance use interferes w life (job, relationship, etc)
addiction

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7
Q

number of symptoms required for mild moderate and severe substance use disorder (in last year)

A

mild = 2-3
moderate = 4-5
severe 6+

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8
Q

examples of physiological dependence

A

tolerance and withdrawal

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9
Q

example of psychological dependence

A

behavioural reactions to substance dependence (drug seeking behaviour)

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10
Q

levels of evolvement in substance use

A
  • use
  • intoxication
  • abuse
  • dependence
  • withdrawal
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11
Q

diagnostic issues w substance use disorder

A
  • substances might occur at the same time
  • drug intoxication snd withdrawal cause increased risk taking
  • relationship with mental health disorders
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12
Q

categories of substances

A

depressants
stimulants
opioids
hallucinogens
other

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13
Q

depressants

A

activate inhibitory centers in brain (GABA)
slow inhibitions and reaction time
(alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics)

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14
Q

effects of alcohol related disorders

A
  • organ damage (liver)
  • release of analgesics
  • delirium tremens (hallucinations and body tremors)
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
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15
Q

sedative vs hypnotic vs anxiolytic drugs

A

sedative = calming (barbiturates)
hypnotic = sleep inducing (benzos)
anxiolytic = anxiety reducing (benzos)

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16
Q

barbiturates are often used to overdose in __________ and benzos have _____ tolerance

A

suicide attempts
high

17
Q

stimulants (+examples)

A

stimulate CNS
enhance activity of norepinephrine and dopamine
leads to hallucinations/delusions
(amphetamines , MDMA, cocaine, tobacco related , caffeine related)

18
Q

amphetamines

A
  • low levels can reduce fatigue
    -behavioural symptoms (euphoria affect blunting, anxiety)
  • physiological effects (changes in HR and BP)
19
Q

MDMA

A
  • high risk of dependence
  • can cause permanent damage
20
Q

cocaine

A
  • increases alertness, euphoria, BP, and pulse
  • dopamine system impacted (bad withdrawal)
21
Q

nicotine

A
  • psychoactive
  • stimulates pleasure pathways
  • highly related to depression
22
Q

caffeine

A
  • elevates mood and decreases fatigue
  • causes insomnia
23
Q

opioids

A
  • from opium poppy
  • sleep inducing/pain relieving (analgesic)
  • bad withdrawal
  • affects norepinephrine
  • high mortality rates
24
Q

LSD

A
  • easy to build tolerance
  • limited withdrawal
  • perceptual changes (intensification, depersonalization, hallucination)
  • physical symptoms (pupillary dilation, rapid heart beat, sweating)
  • bad trips
25
Q

examples of hallucinogens

A

LSD
PCP
mushrooms
DMT
peyote

26
Q

cannabis

A
  • most used drug in canada
  • alters perceptions
  • mood swings
  • impairment in memory, concentration, motivation, self esteem, and relationships
27
Q

drugs in “other” catagory

A

inhalants
steroids
designer drugs

28
Q

causes of substance use disorders

A

genetic vulnerability
neurobiological influences
psychological dimensions

29
Q

genetic vulnerabilities that may lead to substance use disorders

A
  • abnormalities in gene in chromosome 4 or DRDZ gene
  • absence of ADH
30
Q

neurobiological influences that may lead to substance use disorders

A

drugs affect on rewards centers (especially psychoactive)

31
Q

psychological dimensions that may lead to substance use disorders

A

positive and negative reinforcement (take drug feel good vs don’t take drug and feel bad)
opponent process theory

32
Q

biological treatment for substance use disorder

A

agonist substitution (take something w similar chemical makeup to addictive drug, ex. methadone buprenorphine)
antagonist treatment (block/counteract effects of psychoactive drug, ex. naltrexone)
aversive treatment (drugs that make ingesting abused substances unpleasant, ex. disaffirm, silver nitrate)

33
Q

psychosocial treatment for substance use disorders

A
  • impatient facilities
  • AA
  • component treatment
  • relapse prevention
  • harm reduction (controlled use, safe injection sites)
  • education/community based programs
  • motivational enhancement therapy (increases motivation to change behaviours)
34
Q

impulse control disorders

A

gambling
intermittent explosive
kleptomania
pyromania

35
Q

treatment for impulse control disorders

A

CBT

2020 (13 decks)

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