U3 KA5 Symbiosis Flashcards
What is symbiosis?
Co-evolved intimate relationships between members of two different species.
In a parasitic relationship, who benefits and who is harmed?
A parasite benefits in terms of energy or nutrients, whereas its host is harmed by the loss of these resources.
Why do parasites often have limited metabolism?
Because they cannot survive out of contact with a host. This is why parasites are termed degenerate as they cant survive if they are dependent on their own metabolism.
How can parasites be transmitted to new hosts?
Through direct contact, resistant stages, and vectors.
What is an example of direct contact transmission of a parasite?
Headlice jumping from head to head with children.
What’s an example of resistant stage in transmission of a parasite?
Some parasites use resistant larvae and pupae, which can survive adverse environmental conditions until a new host comes in contact with them.
What’s an example a vector in transmission of a parasite?
Mosquitos carrying malaria (plasmodium) that transfers into the animals blood when bitten.
Why do some parasitic life cycles involve intermediate (secondary) hosts?
To allow them to complete their life cycle.
What is mutualism?
Both mutualistic partner species benefit in an interdependent relationship. (Both sides gain from the relationship).
