U1 KA6 Mutations

Question 1

What are mutations?

Answer 1

Changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised.

Question 2

What do single gene mutations involve?

Answer 2

Alteration of a DNA nucleotide sequence as a result of substitution, insertion, or deletion of nucleotides.
(SID)

Question 3

What are the types of nucleotide substitutions?

Answer 3

• Missense mutations
• Nonsense mutations
• Splice-site mutations

Question 4

What do nucleotide insertions or deletions result in?

Answer 4

Frame-shift mutations.

Question 5

What are the types of chromosome structure mutations?

Answer 5

• Duplication
• Deletion
• Inversion
• Translocation
  (TIDD)

Question 6

What is the importance of mutations and chromanone duplication?

Answer 6

They play a role in evolution.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Mutations can result in _______ or an altered protein being synthesised.

Answer 7

[no protein]

Question 8

True or False: Nucleotide substitutions can create missense, nonsense, and splice-site mutations.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What’s a missense mutation?

Answer 9

Changes a single codon and result’s in one amino acid change and can have little to no impact.

Question 10

What’s a nonsense mutation?

Answer 10

Caused by an early stop codon and can result in a non-functional protein.