U3 KA2 Plant And Animal Breeding Flashcards
Why are plant and animal breeding important for sustainable food production?
To improve characteristics that help support sustainable food production.
What is the purpose of plant field trials?
To compare performance of different cultivars or treatments and evaluate GM crops.
What factors must be considered when designing a field trial?
Selection of treatments, number of replicates, and randomisation of treatments.
What is selection of treatments in field trials?
To make it a valid investigation and to ensure valid comparisons, only one treatment must be trialled at one time. For example, the effect of fertiliser on the growth of a crop.
What is number of replicates in field trials?
Repeating the same trials under the same conditions to test reliability.
What is randomisation of treatments in field trials?
must be applied randomly to the test area, to eliminate bias when measuring treatment effects. (Random placement of crop in a field).
What is inbreeding?
Breeding related plants or animals over several generations to produce offspring true to a desired type.
What genetic effect does inbreeding have?
Elimination of heterozygotes and increase in homozygous individuals.
What is a potential disadvantage of inbreeding?
Inbreeding depression, due to increased frequency of harmful recessive alleles.
What is crossbreeding in animals?
Mating individuals from different breeds to create offspring with improved characteristics.
How are crossbreeding benefits maintained?
By keeping the original parent breeds to produce more crossbred animals.
What are F1 hybrids in plants?
Uniform heterozygous crops produced by crossing two inbred lines.
What advantages do F1 hybrids have?
Increased vigour and yield.
Why are F1 hybrids not bred together?
The F2 generation shows too much genetic variation.
How is genome sequencing used in breeding programmes?
It helps identify organisms with desirable genes.
How can genetic modification be applied in breeding?
Crop plants can be genetically modified using recombinant DNA technology.
