U1 KA1 Structure Of DNA

Question 1

What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and base

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA.

Question 2

What forms the sugar–phosphate backbone of DNA?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose sugar at 3’ and phosphate at 5’

This backbone provides structural support to the DNA molecule.

Question 3

Which bases pair together in DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine–thymine and guanine–cytosine

These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

What type of structure does DNA have?

Answer 4

Double helix

DNA strands are antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions.

Question 5

What are the ends of each DNA strand called?

Answer 5

3’ and 5’ ends

The orientation of the strands is crucial for replication and transcription.

Question 6

How do prokaryotes organize their DNA?

Answer 6

Single circular chromosome and plasmids

This is different from the DNA organization in eukaryotes.

Question 7

How is DNA organized in eukaryotes?

Answer 7

Linear chromosomes in the nucleus, tightly coiled and packaged with proteins (Histones)

Circular chromosomes are also located in the mitochondria

And when it comes to plants they have circular chromosomes in their cytoplasm

Eukaryotic cells also have circular chromosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 8

What is a special characteristic of yeast regarding DNA organization?

Answer 8

Contains plasmids in cytoplasm and contains Linear chromosomes tightly coiled in proteins (Histones) in their nucleus

Yeast is a unique eukaryote that shares features with prokaryotes.