U2 KA1 Metabolic Pathways Flashcards
What are metabolic pathways?
Integrated and controlled pathways of enzyme-catalysed reactions within a cell.
What types of steps can metabolic pathways have?
Reversible steps, irreversible steps, and alternative routes.
What are anabolic reactions?
Reactions that build up large molecules from small ones and require energy.
What are catabolic reactions?
Reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones and release energy.
What structures are embedded in membranes related to metabolism?
Protein pores (channel forming proteins), protein pumps, and enzymes.
What controls metabolic pathways?
The presence or absence of particular enzymes and the regulation of key enzyme activity.
What is the induced fit model of enzyme action?
When an enzyme’s active site changes shape to better fit the substrate, lowering activation energy.
What role does the active site play in enzyme function?
It affects activation energy and the affinity of substrates and products for the enzyme.
How do substrate and product concentrations affect enzyme reactions?
They influence the direction and rate of the reactions.
What are the three types of enzyme inhibition?
Competitive, non-competitive, and feedback inhibition.
What is competitive inhibition?
When a substrate like inhibitor blocks the active site not allowing substrates to bind and react. These inhibitors have a low affinity for the active site and will leave the active site soon after making it reversible.
What is non-competitive inhibition?
A non-competitive inhibitor will bind elsewhere on the enzyme than the active site and permanently change the active sites shape this is irreversible.
What is feedback inhibition?
The activity of an enzyme is inhibited by the end product of a metabolic pathway pathway?
